Transfusion‐transmitted visceral leishmaniasis caused by <i>Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana</i> in an immunocompromised patient: a case report

The positive results on initial screening may have represented false positives from sample contamination or amplification of non-target DNA. It is also possible that dogs were infected at initial sampling but successfully cleared infection before repeat testing. The low number of positive results obtained suggests that prevalence of these agents in a population of healthy UK dogs is low and that use of blood products is unlikely to represent a significant risk of transmission of these diseases.

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“…Transmission of blood‐borne infections has been reported in human medicine (Mestra et al . , Annen et al . , Bloch et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious agent screening in canine blood donors in the United Kingdom

Crawford

Walton

Lewis

et al. 2013

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…Donor‐derived infection has also been suggested but difficult to conclusively prove . Possible blood transfusion‐related leishmaniasis has been reported in non‐transplant settings and it may play a role in SOT recipients as well . The potential for late reactivation of unrecognized latent infection in the face of immunocompromise complicates the assessment of the exact mode of acquisition of the infection in an individual case .…”

Section: Solid Organ Transplant Recipientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR positivity may occasionally persist for many months after successful therapy even in immunocompetent patients and may represent a resolved clinical or subclinical infection . Also there is a concern of cross‐reactivity with Trypanosoma cruzi with use of some primers …”

Section: Solid Organ Transplant Recipientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniasis in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Gajurel

Dhakal

Deresinski

2016

Clinical Transplantation

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Leishmaniasis occurs in <1% of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in endemic countries in which transplants are performed. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) makes up the bulk of reported cases. The onset generally occurs months after transplantation and the mode of acquisition is often impossible to determine, but de novo vector-borne infection and reactivation of inapparent infection are thought to be the principal means. The potential role of clinically inapparent donor infection is uncertain and screening is not currently recommended, nor is it recommended for recipients from endemic areas, some of whom may have detectable circulating protozoan nucleic acid. While transplant recipients with VL often present with the non-specific findings of fever and cytopenia, the additional presence of hepatosplenomegaly in patients from endemic areas should lead to a directed diagnostic evaluation with bone marrow examination and PCR testing of marrow and peripheral blood having a high yield. Management may often be complicated by the presence of concomitant infections. A lipid formulation of amphotericin B is the preferred treatment, especially for VL, but the relapse rate in transplant recipients is approximately 25%. PCR monitoring of blood for either secondary prophylaxis or preemptive therapy requires further study.

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“…Most likely the immunosuppressive therapy received after the renal transplant enhanced visceralization of L. (L.) mexicana. In this case, when blood was transfused to an immune-suppressed patient, Leishmania parasite behaved as an opportunistic infection and invaded organs of the mononuclear-phagocyte system, causing clinical manifestations compatible with VL [76]. Finally, Luz et al investigated the prevalence of anti-L. donovani antibodies in 1500 Brazilian blood donors and multiply transfused hemodialysis patients [49].…”

Section: Transfusion Transmitted Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfusion transmitted leishmaniasis. What to do with blood donors from endemic areas?

Mansueto

Seidita

Vitale

2014

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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Summary Leishmaniasis clinical spectrum ranges from cryptic infection to fatal visceral leishmaniasis. Cryptic infection can be found in blood donors from areas endemic for leishmaniasis all over the world. Although leishmaniasis is a classic vector-borne disease, cases of transfusion transmitted leishmaniasis have been reported especially in nonendemic areas. Most of these cases regarded infants or children. This paper reviews the literature on this specific feature and the impact of leishmaniasis on transfusion medicine. Relevant literature was found through PubMed. The reference lists of selected articles identified further sources. Conclusions: Blood donations by emigrants or travelers from endemic areas require special attention. Routine diagnostic methods should be implemented in blood banks to exclude donors that are positive for Leishmania, and individuals who suffered from visceral leishmaniasis should be prohibited from donating blood. The use of leukodepletion filters at the time of collection should be recommended in at-risk areas especially for high-risk recipients. ª

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Transfusion‐transmitted visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana in an immunocompromised patient: a case report

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Infectious agent screening in canine blood donors in the United Kingdom

Infectious agent screening in canine blood donors in the United Kingdom

Leishmaniasis in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Transfusion transmitted leishmaniasis. What to do with blood donors from endemic areas?

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