Transformation of inorganic matter in poultry litter during fluidised bed gasification

Pandey, Daya Shankar; Yazhenskikh, Elena; Müller, Michael; Ziegner, Mirko; Trubetskaya, Anna; Leahy, James J.; Kwapińska, Marzena

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.106918

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Both elements, N and K, are very volatile and are released during pyrolysis from the solid DPS as NH 3 , HCN, and N 2 20 and most likely as KCl. 45 The total N content in DPS biochars is similar to that reported for sewage sludge biochars. 46 Contaminants (heavy metals) in six DPS biochars (DPS1, DPS2, DPS3, DPS4a, DPS4b, and DPS5a) are well below the upper limits specified in the regulations (Table 9).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Preliminary Assessment of Pyrolysis Biochar Derived from Milk/Dairy Processing Sludge as a Potential Component of Fertilizers

Kwapińska

Pisano

Leahy

2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Disposal of waste-activated sludge [dairy processing sludge, (DPS)] from wastewater treatment plants located in milk processing companies is an increasing concern. DPS is usually applied to farmlands in the vicinity of the dairy companies. This practice is becoming unsustainable due to uncontrolled nutrient loss and potential soil contamination. We propose to recover nutrients in the form of biochar. This paper examines the properties of biochars obtained from slow pyrolysis of DPS. DPS samples were pyrolyzed at laboratory and pilot scale at 600 and 700 °C. The elemental properties of biochars, the content of primary and secondary nutrients, as well as contaminants were examined and compared against the European Union Fertilizing Products Regulation. The biochars meet the specified limits for hydrogen-to-organic carbon ratio, chloride, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons intended for gasification and pyrolysis component category materials. In six out of eight biochars, the content of phosphorus (P) as a single declared nutrient and the level of contaminants meet those required for an organo-mineral fertilizer. Only two biochars meet the required concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. A minimum solid content of 30% in DPS is required to make the process of biochar production energetically sustainable.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Both elements, N and K, are very volatile and are released during pyrolysis from the solid DPS as NH 3 , HCN, and N 2 and most likely as KCl . The total N content in DPS biochars is similar to that reported for sewage sludge biochars …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Preliminary Assessment of Pyrolysis Biochar Derived from Milk/Dairy Processing Sludge as a Potential Component of Fertilizers

Kwapińska

Pisano

Leahy

2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Neither of the two salts showed any interaction with K-feldspar, which is why no micrographs are shown here. This agrees with the reported high chemical stability of Ca-phosphates [such as hydroxyapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH)] which tend to form when fuels rich in Ca and P are thermally converted [35][36]44,[47][48]. As apatites do not exhibit strong plant-availability, their formation should be avoided if utilization of the spend material as fertilizer is the aim [9,35,41].…”

Section: Fixed Bed Salt Exposuressupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The most abundant elements are Ca and P, which could be present as a calcium phosphate. Hydroxyapatite [Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH] was previously found after thermal conversion of chicken manure [35][36] and is therefore expected even in the present case. In fact, the Ca/P ratio in Table 4 (1.65) is close to that of hydroxyapatite (1.67).…”

Section: Bib Cross-sectionssupporting

confidence: 63%

Early layer formation on K-feldspar during fluidized bed combustion with phosphorus-rich fuel

Faust

Fürsatz

Aonsamang

et al. 2023

Fuel

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“…Furthermore, various pretreatments, physical or chemical, have been exploited prior the MCWB conversion into biofuels or other value-added products, for instance, activated carbon and char. 13 Nevertheless, the commercial-scale practice of the phytoextraction process and vigorous use of MCWBs are still challenging due to impediments such as the serious health risks associated with pollutants transfer into products, 14 participation of landowners and/or farmers, technology suppliers/consultants, remediation experts, and more for the exploitation of metal-contaminated lands toward commercial exploitation of MCWBs, 15 environmental concerns related to the risk of HM transfer into soil, water, and air, and final residues management. 16 Undoubtedly, MCWBs have become a predestined nuisance, and their appropriate treatment, reuse, and disposal carry great significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Heavy Metals during Pyrolysis and Gasification of Metal-Contaminated Waste Biomass: A Review

Raheem

Mangi

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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The presence of contaminates (i.e., heavy metals) in biomass through various sources (industrial activities and municipal solid waste) from its growth to end use has become a nuisance. Over the past years, biofuel production from metal-contaminated waste biomasses (MCWBs) has attracted more attention on account of the potential roles in addressing both energy and environmental concerns. This review considers the migration and transfer behaviors of heavy metals into various output streams, including solid products (i.e., biochar), tar and syngas from MCWBs, i.e., contaminated energy crops, plants, industrial wastes, and municipal solid waste, and using thermochemical processes (gasification and pyrolysis). In addition, the authors also shed light on the transfer mechanisms of heavy metals (however, the availability of the literature on the transfer mechanisms of heavy metals during thermal process is very limited) and usability of products (bio-oil, biochar, and syngas), including a comparison of gasification and pyrolysis processes in regard to the conversion of MCWBs into bioenergy. In the end, technoeconomic assessments and future perspectives are presented. This review will be helpful to promote future research and may aid in the scale-up of the current practices to visualize MCWBs as potential opportunities instead of nuisances.

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Transformation of inorganic matter in poultry litter during fluidised bed gasification

Cited by 17 publications

References 74 publications

Preliminary Assessment of Pyrolysis Biochar Derived from Milk/Dairy Processing Sludge as a Potential Component of Fertilizers

Preliminary Assessment of Pyrolysis Biochar Derived from Milk/Dairy Processing Sludge as a Potential Component of Fertilizers

Early layer formation on K-feldspar during fluidized bed combustion with phosphorus-rich fuel

Roles of Heavy Metals during Pyrolysis and Gasification of Metal-Contaminated Waste Biomass: A Review

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