Transformation of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into useful components and reducing global warming: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Summary CO2, a greenhouse gas, is continuously emitted by different sources due to the extensive use of fossil fuels. Hence various methods have been developed to mitigate CO2 gas from the environment. The capturing and storing of carbon is termed carbon capture and storage, a method of reducing the level of CO2 from the atmosphere emitted by industrial sites and power stations. The reduction of the atmospheric carbon or the stored carbon to different products by multiple techniques has been a current topic of research, taking the environmental concern into account. The reduction of CO2 is very challenging since the bond energy of C=O is very high. Additionally, the separation of the gas from the atmosphere or industrial flue gas is also technologically difficult. This review comprises a detailed discussion of the methods adopted for the conversion of CO2 into different carbon nano‐materials and hydrocarbons. The mechanisms associated with the conversion, along with the role of electrodes used for the conversion of the gas during electrolysis, have also been conferred extensively.

Integrated Operation of Artificial-Photosynthetic Reaction and Product Isolation to Output Only Pure Formic Acid

“…The primary cause of this issue is a rapid increase in the level of emission of CO 2 into the atmosphere. Thus, developments of CO 2 capture, storage, and utilization technologies are explosively accelerated. − Among them, electrochemical reduction of captured CO 2 operating at room temperature to synthesize useful organic substances is an attractive means to be combined with fluctuating renewable energies including solar energy. − In particular, the combination of electrochemical reactors for CO 2 reduction and solar cells directly connected to each other is exactly an artificial-photosynthetic device that converts CO 2 to an organic substance using solar energy. − …”

Modulated Growth of MOFs to Fabricate ZIF-8@Chitosan/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Hydrogels with Improved Adsorption Capacity for CO2

“…3 It was essential for the development of adsorbents that could efficiently capture more CO 2 . 4 Solid adsorbents are considered as a promising technological advancement. 5 Solid adsorbents, including activated carbon, 6 zeolites and metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), 7 and amine-functionalized adsorbents, have been extensively studied in recent years for CO 2 capture.…”

“…The rising of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations in the atmosphere was the main cause of climate change during the past few decades. , One of the most effective methods for reducing greenhouse gases is the capture of CO 2 from large sources of pollution and ambient air . It was essential for the development of adsorbents that could efficiently capture more CO 2 . Solid adsorbents are considered as a promising technological advancement .…”

Pulsed Current for Diameter-Controlled Carbon Nanotubes and Hybrid Carbon Nanostructures in Electrolysis of Captured Carbon Dioxide

“…Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are remarkable nanostructured materials with excellent electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and exceptional mechanical properties . These properties, among others, make MWCNT attractive for a range of applications, including electronics, energy storage, and biological systems. , However, the diameter of a nanotube has a major impact on both its mechanical and electrical characteristics, , with small-diameter MWCNTs (<30 nm) being the most valuable for many of these applications, but with the challenge of smaller MWCNTs involving more precise and difficult synthesis methods. − In this regard, a large number of efforts have been made using different CNT synthesis methods, such as chemical vapor deposition, − to control properties of MWCNTs using different catalysts, − temperatures, and reaction gas mixtures . One difficulty of conventional methods in influencing diameters and properties of nanotubes is the impact of secondary gas reactions that can occur, which complicate a simple picture between the carbon flux into the reactor and the MWCNT yield coming out. , Additionally, scaling these traditional methods involves large capital equipment, complex secondary chemistries, and hence higher cost than other conventional carbons, limiting applications for carbon nanotubes. , …”