Transformation, evaluation of GTGene and multivariate genetic analysis for morpho-physiological and yield attributing traits in Zea mays

Abstract

Maize is the 3rd major crop grown all over the world that fulfills the needs of millions of people. Various biotic and abiotic factors caused reduction in grain yield of maize, among them weeds show most adverse effects. Objective of this study was to develop glyphosate resistance maize for developing maize hybrids and synthetic varieties with high grain and fodder yield potential. Glyphosate is a broad spectrum herbicide and resistance of crop against the herbicide, allows post emergence application, which otherwise is impossible. Higher GTG crude protein (479.94?g/g) was recorded for CIL 194-975 plant. The plant CIL 194-1786 showed higher expression level of GTG protein, indicated that transformation efficiency was better for line CIL-194 than CIL-123. GTGene stably integrated to the genome of the maize lines CIL-194 and CIL-123, these transformed lines showed more ability to cope with herbicides as compared with non-transformed lines in greenhouse and field trials. The transgenic lines were sown in field and data was recorded for various morpho-physiological, grain, fodder yield and quality traits. Data was statistically analyzed to check significance of results at <0.05% probability level. It was concluded from heritability, genetic advance, stepwise multiple linear regression, principle component and factor analysis that the selection on the basis of grain yield, green fodder yield, stem diameter, cob weight, stomata conductance, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate, cob length, grain protein, grain oil, embryo percentage and grain starch may be fruitful keeping in view as the major contributing traits to improve crop yield and production. It was suggested that the transgenic lines for glyphosate resistance may be used to develop transgenic hybrids and synthetic varieties with higher grain yield with high quality.

Selection of popcorn genotypes tolerant toSpodoptera frugiperdaand key traits related to the identification of tolerance

“…Multivariate techniques to select traits related to S. frugiperda tolerance in popcorn genotypes were also used by [7, 17] and as in this study, the application of multivariate analysis allowed a significant reduction in the number of traits. This raises the chances of a more effective selection, since the smaller number of traits prevents the effect of interrelationships among them, avoiding redundancy and mistakes in the process of selecting promising genotypes [8].…”

“…Resistance is the set of physical, chemical and morphological traits that will negatively affect the insect's oviposition and feeding behavior, while tolerance is the set of traits that will cause plants to withstand the attack of insects without substantial reductions in productivity in comparison with other susceptible genotypes [8,9,11]. In this study, the hypothesis was proposed that tolerance to S. frugiperda can be found in popcorn germplasm from tropical regions and that multivariate analysis can discriminate the main traits related to the identification of tolerance.…”

“…Resistance is the set of physical, chemical and morphological traits that will negatively affect the insect’s oviposition and feeding behavior, while tolerance is the set of traits that will cause plants to withstand the attack of insects without substantial reductions in productivity in comparison with other susceptible genotypes [8, 9, 11].…”

“…A likely reason may be that the trials were analyzed based on a univariate and inconclusive approach. The use of multivariate techniques is required, which can be an adequate and more efficient tool in the analysis of tolerance-related data in popcorn [8][9][10].…”

Novel approaches to circumvent the devastating effects of pests on sugarcane

“…From 1000 resistant multiplied plants (CPF-246), 15 plants were positive for CEMB- Cry 1Ac, CEMB- Cry 2A and CEMB-GTGene, resulting transformation efficiency 1.5% after optimized glyphosate spray assay (1200 mL/80 L/acre). In monocots, the transformation efficiency was reported from 1 to 5% 30 while co-integration of combine two genes was 85% when a combination of 14 diverse (pUC- based) plasmids was transformed 74 . Joyce et al 52 reported 0.8–4.8% transformation efficiency in sugarcane.…”