Transformações no espaço doméstico: o fogão a gás e a cozinha paulistana, 1870-1930

Abstract

RESUMO: Este artigo estuda algumas das transformações na cozinha paulistana, produzidas entre o último quartel do século XIX e as três primeiras décadas do século XX, pela introdução de novas premissas sanitárias, levadas a cabo por autoridades médicas e pela municipalidade. Além disso, procuramos discutir o papel das principais empresas de energia, como a The San Paulo Gas Company e, mais tarde, a The São Paulo Tramway Light and Power Company, na promoção da tecnologia do gás, e principalmente do fogão a gás -que elas oporão aos fogões a lenha e carvão. Estas empresas tiveram um importante papel na circulação de novas idéias de racionalização e higiene, contribuindo para a renovação do espaço doméstico que, pela tecnologia, passa a depender de um "sistema" de infra-estrutura destinado a articular, de uma forma inédita, o espaço privado ao espaço público. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cozinha. Publicidade. Fogão a gás. Trabalho doméstico. São Paulo.ABSTRACT: This article examines some of the transformations in the kitchens of São Paulo brought about by the introduction of new sanitary concepts that were put into effect by medical and local government authorities in the last quarter of the 19 th century and in the first three decades of the 20 th century. In addition, we discuss the role played by the main energy companies, like The San Paulo Gas Company and, later, The São Paulo Tramway Light and Power Company in promoting the adoption of gas technologies, mainly the gas stove, as opposed to the use of firewood or charcoal for cooking. These companies played a key role in disseminating the new ideas about rationalization and hygiene, which contributed to change the household. Because of technology, the latter became dependent upon an infrastructure "system" that would articulate the private space with the public space in an unprecedented way.

Cooking Fuels in Lagos, Nigeria: Factors Associated with Household Choice of Kerosene or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

“…The cylinder recirculation program is also a useful approach that may improve LPG adoption by reducing initial cost of outright purchase of cylinders if the households only pay for the gas refills. Indonesia, Brazil, and India for example have demonstrated that a well-crafted intervention program to improve safe and sustainable LPG uptake is feasible and achievable when it is backed by strong government policy and commitment [ 20 , 31 , 32 ]. The program in Indonesia successfully transitioned about 50 million kerosene users to LPG within four years.…”

“…During the early years of the LPG transition program in Brazil, the oil companies provided start up equipment and the government provided subsidy on the price of LPG [ 35 ]. Today 95% of Brazilian homes use LPG and adequate supply and distribution of LPG is actively regulated by the government [ 31 ]. Provision of LPG subsidy in many parts of Latin America has helped transit a majority of the urban poor from use of solid fuels to LPG [ 36 ].…”

Household air pollution, health, and climate change: cleaning the air

“…The others and all other areas in Brazil used firewood and charcoal for cooking. LPG was introduced that year, using the same bottles of methane to be used by the Hindenburg dirigibles, although use of the gas was discontinued after one of the airships was destroyed by fire (da Silva 2007).…”

Entre tanques y pañuelos

“…Como afirma la historiadora Inés Pérez (2013), estos artefactos tendrían a partir de los años 1940 un fuerte sentido en la búsqueda de distinción por parte de la creciente clase media argentina. A su vez, los hogares brasileños pasaron por importantes transformaciones en el primer cuarto del siglo XX, renovados por la tecnología y por la nueva dependencia de un sistema de infraestructura destinado a articular el espacio privado al espacio público, a partir de la llegada, por ejemplo, de la red de gas de cocina (Silva 2007) Combinada con la circulación de nuevas ideas sobre racionalización e higiene, resultaron en la sustitución de las antiguas cocinas de leña y carbón por las nuevas cocinas a gas, contribuyendo para la reformulación del espacio doméstico (Silva 2007, 197).…”