Transesterification of waste cooking palm oil by MnZr with supported alumina as a potential heterogeneous catalyst

Deoxygenation of Palmitic Acid to Produce Diesel-like Hydrocarbons over Nickel Incorporated Cellular Foam Catalyst: A Kinetic Study

“…Exhaustion of petroleum oil or crude oil is predicted in the near future [1]. The shortage of crude oil will have global impact on the economy, culture and health of every nation as in this situation; fuel oil prices will go up.…”

Advancement in the Utilization of Nanocatalyst for Transesterification of Triglycerides

“…In a study by Amani et al [65], reported that the increase in FAME content with the increase in catalyst loading. It has been shown that 90% of FAME content was produced at 3wt% catalyst loading after 3 hr reaction time and the FAME content was decreased to 83% with 4wt% catalyst loading.…”

“…In a study, Amani et al [65] reported that 90% yield conversion in biodiesel was optimized at value of 20:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and further increase in methanol to oil molar ratio 30:1 reduces the yield conversion drastically to 65%. In another findings by Phan and Phan [66] where they reported that biodiesel from waste cooking oil at 8:1 methanol to oil molar ratio gave 88% yield conversion and when 12:1 methanol to oil molar ratio was taken into consideration the yield conversion decreased to 82%.…”

Polyoxometalate-MgF2hybrids as heterogeneous solid acid catalysts for efficient biodiesel production

“…10,11 However, the use of an alkaline catalyst may lead to saponication, difficult separation of products, and high catalyst consumption. [12][13][14][15] In addition, abundant free fatty acids (FFAs) can be generated as important byproducts during food processing. 16 Therefore, it is a benecial route to use acidic catalysts to esterify FFAs and (trans)esterify Jatropha oil for biodiesel production.…”