Transcriptionally‐active high‐risk human papillomavirus is rare in oral cavity and laryngeal/hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas – a tissue microarray study utilizing E6/E7 mRNA <i>in situ</i> hybridization

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113

briefly discussed. The most important innovation is brought by the section on precursor lesions, in which a unified twotier classification, consisting of low-and high-grade dysplasia, is introduced. The proposed two-tier system can also be transformed into a three-tier classification for treatment purposes, with a distinction between carcinoma in situ and high-grade dysplasia. The reviewed morphological criteria of the proposed system are based on the amended Ljubljana classification. The section on laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) represents a considerable improvement in terminology and classification. NEC are divided into well-, moderate-and poorly-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. The latter is additionally divided into small cell NEC and large cell NEC (LCNEC). It is of extreme importance that LCNEC, which was associated in the WHO 2005 edition with atypical carcinoid/moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, grade II, has now been transferred into the group of poorly differentiated NEC, grade III, displaying a specific morphology and poorer prognosis.

Section: Etiopathogenesis Of Conventional Squamous Cell Carcinoma Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Etiopathogenesis Of Conventional Squamous Cell Carcinoma Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: What is New in the 2017 WHO Blue Book for Tumours of the Hypopharynx, Larynx, Trachea and Parapharyngeal Space

Gale

Poljak

Zidar

2017

131

113

“…It is detected in 50-80 % of oropharyngeal cancers where it tracks with the non-keratinizing squamous cell phenotype, but it is not frequently detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas arising outside of the oropharynx [4][5][6][7]. In oropharyngeal carcinomas, the detection of HPV is of great clinical significance, as HPV positivity is associated with improved clinical outcomes in ways that modulate therapeutic management [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Does Not Harbor Transcriptionally Active High Risk Human Papillomavirus Even in the Absence of the MAML2 Translocation

Bishop

Yonescu

Batista

et al. 2014

High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is firmly established as an important cause of oropharyngeal carcinoma. Recent studies have also implicated HPV as a cause of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC)-a tumor of salivary gland origin that frequently harbors MAML2 translocations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of transcriptionally active HPV in a large group of MECs and to determine whether HPV infection and the MAML2 translocation are mutually exclusive events. Break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization for MAML2 was performed on a tissue microarray containing 92 MECs. HPV testing was performed using RNA in situ hybridization targeting high risk HPV mRNA E6/E7 transcripts. Of the 71 MECs that could be evaluated by FISH, 57 (80 %) harbored the MAML2 rearrangement. HPV was not detected in any of the 57 MECs that contained a MAML2 rearrangement, in any of the 14 MECs that did not contain the rearrangement, or in any of the 21 MECs where MAML2 status was unknown. High risk HPV does not appear to play any significant role in the development of MEC. It neither complements nor replaces MAML2 translocation in the tumorigenesis of MEC.

“…Meta-analysis demonstrates the presence of HPV in over half of tonsillar tumors and in some studies the rates are much higher, while HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma is rare in the oral cavity and larynx [1][2][3]. Furthermore, the virus is transcriptionally active indicating a key role in tumor pathogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive HPV-Related Carcinoma In Situ of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract with ‘Nonkeratinizing’ Histologic Features

Chernock¹,

Nussenbaum²,

Thorstad³

et al. 2013

Self Cite

Over the past several decades, it has become clear that human papillomavirus (HPV) is important for the development and progression of many head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, particularly those arising in the oropharyngeal tonsillar crypts. Yet, our understanding of HPV's role in premalignant squamous lesions remains relatively poor. This is in part because premalignant lesions of the oropharyngeal tonsillar crypt tissue, where most HPV-related carcinomas arise, are difficult if not impossible to identify. Recent evidence does suggest a role for HPV in a subset of premalignant lesions of the surface epithelium, especially the oral cavity, despite the rarity of HPV-related invasive squamous cell carcinomas at this site. Furthermore, these HPV-related oral cavity dysplasias appear to have unique, bowenoid histologic features described as 'basaloid' with full-thickness loss of squamous maturation, mitotic figures and apoptosis throughout. Here, we present a unique case of an HPV-related premalignant lesion (squamous cell carcinoma in situ) extensively involving the surface epithelium of the oral cavity, oropharynx and larynx that had 'nonkeratinizing' histologic features typical of HPVrelated invasive squamous cell carcinoma. This case was strongly p16 positive by immunohistochemistry and harbored transcriptionally active HPV as demonstrated by E6/E7 RNA in situ hybridization. Furthermore, the patient had an excellent response to radiation treatment.