Transcriptional Response of Ovine Lung to Infection with Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus

Karagianni, Anna Eleonora; Vasoya, Deepali; Finlayson, J.; Martineau, Henny; Wood, Ann R.; Cousens, Chris; Dagleish, Mark P.; Watson, Michael; Griffiths, David J.

doi:10.1128/jvi.00876-19

“…As previously described 54 , identification of enriched KEGG pathways and biological processes in the protein list was performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software (v6.8) 29 , 55 , 56 . KEGG pathway database contains regulatory and metabolic pathways, representing global knowledge on molecular interactions and reaction networks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application across species of a one health approach to liquid sample handling for respiratory based -omics analysis

Karagianni

¹

,

Eaton

²

,

Kurian

³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Airway inflammation is highly prevalent in horses, with the majority of non-infectious cases being defined as equine asthma. Currently, cytological analysis of airway derived samples is the principal method of assessing lower airway inflammation. Samples can be obtained by tracheal wash (TW) or by lavage of the lower respiratory tract (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid; BALF). Although BALF cytology carries significant diagnostic advantages over TW cytology for the diagnosis of equine asthma, sample acquisition is invasive, making it prohibitive for routine and sequential screening of airway health. However, recent technological advances in sample collection and processing have made it possible to determine whether a wider range of analyses might be applied to TW samples. Considering that TW samples are relatively simple to collect, minimally invasive and readily available in the horse, it was considered appropriate to investigate whether, equine tracheal secretions represent a rich source of cells and both transcriptomic and proteomic data. Similar approaches have already been applied to a comparable sample set in humans; namely, induced sputum. Sputum represents a readily available source of airway biofluids enriched in proteins, changes in the expression of which may reveal novel mechanisms in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to establish a robust protocol to isolate macrophages, protein and RNA for molecular characterization of TW samples and demonstrate the applicability of sample handling to rodent and human pediatric bronchoalveolar lavage fluid isolates. TW samples provided a good quality and yield of both RNA and protein for downstream transcriptomic/proteomic analyses. The sample handling methodologies were successfully applicable to BALF for rodent and human research. TW samples represent a rich source of airway cells, and molecular analysis to facilitate and study airway inflammation, based on both transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. This study provides a necessary methodological platform for future transcriptomic and/or proteomic studies on equine lower respiratory tract secretions and BALF samples from humans and mice.

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“…The mechanisms involved in JSRV Env-induced transformation have not been fully elucidated, but several studies have shown the activation of signalling pathways that control cellular proliferation, including phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)-Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [ 3 , 55 ], and additional pathways, including the AGR-2-YAPI-AREG axis, may also contribute to oncogenesis in this disease [ 55 ]. Other mechanisms, such as targeted integration of JSRV, cannot be totally excluded [ 3 ].…”

Section: Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoplasia-Associated Wasting Diseases with Economic Relevance in the Sheep Industry

Heras

¹

,

Borobia

²

,

Ortı́n

³

2021

Animals

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We review three neoplastic wasting diseases affecting sheep generally recorded under common production cycles and with epidemiological and economic relevance in sheep-rearing countries: small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIA), ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) and enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA). SIA is prevalent in Australia and New Zealand but present elsewhere in the world. This neoplasia is a tubular or signet-ring adenocarcinoma mainly located in the middle or distal term of the small intestine. Predisposing factors and aetiology are not known, but genetic factors or environmental carcinogens may be involved. OPA is a contagious lung cancer caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and has been reported in most sheep-rearing countries, resulting in significant economic losses. The disease is clinically characterized by a chronic respiratory process as a consequence of the development of lung adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis is based on the detection of JSRV in the tumour lesion by immunohistochemistry and PCR. In vivo diagnosis may be difficult, mainly in preclinical cases. ENA is a neoplasia of glands of the nasal mucosa and is associated with enzootic nasal tumour virus 1 (ENTV-1), which is similar to JSRV. ENA enzootically occurs in many countries of the world with the exception of Australia and New Zealand. The pathology associated with this neoplasia corresponds with a space occupying lesion histologically characterized as a low-grade adenocarcinoma. The combination of PCR and immunohistochemistry for diagnosis is advised.

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“…As previously described 46 , identi cation of enriched KEGG pathways and biological processes in the protein list was performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software (v6.8) 27,47,48 . KEGG pathway database contains regulatory and metabolic pathways, representing global knowledge on molecular interactions and reaction networks.…”

Section: Protein Function Annotation and Pathway Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A One Health Approach to Simple Liquid Sample Handling for Respiratory Based -Omics Analysis; Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

Karagianni

¹

,

Eaton

²

,

Kurian

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

0

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Airway inflammation is highly prevalent in horses, with the majority of non-infectious cases being defined as equine asthma. Currently, cytological analysis of airway derived samples is the principal method of assessing lower airway inflammation. Samples can be obtained by tracheal wash (TW) or by lavage of the lower respiratory tract (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; BALF). Although BALF cytology carries significant diagnostic advantages over TW cytology, sample acquisition is invasive, making it prohibitive for routine and sequential-screening of airway health. The aim of this study was to establish a robust protocol to isolate macrophages, protein and RNA for molecular characterisation of TW samples and demonstrate the applicability of sample handling to rodent and human pediatric bronchoalveolar lavage fluid isolates. TW samples provided a good quality and yield of both RNA and protein for downstream transcriptomic/proteomic analyses. The sample handling methodologies were successfully applicable to BALF for rodent and human research. TW samples represent a rich source of airway cells, and molecular analysis to facilitate and study airway inflammation, based on both transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. This study provides a necessary methodological platform for future transcriptomic and/or proteomic studies on equine lower respiratory tract secretions and BALF samples from humans and mice.

show abstract

Transcriptional Response of Ovine Lung to Infection with Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus

Cited by 15 publications

References 80 publications

Application across species of a one health approach to liquid sample handling for respiratory based -omics analysis

Application across species of a one health approach to liquid sample handling for respiratory based -omics analysis

Neoplasia-Associated Wasting Diseases with Economic Relevance in the Sheep Industry

A One Health Approach to Simple Liquid Sample Handling for Respiratory Based -Omics Analysis; Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

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