“…By examining significant global transcriptional changes (p < 0.05, fold change ≥ 1.5) immediately preceding the onset of reprogramming, we identified 320 up-regulated and 337 down-regulated genes in Nanog + Sin3a pre-iPSCs relative to Nanog + EV pre-iPSCs (Figure 4A). We identified up-regulated genes implicated in pluripotency and reprogramming including Cited2 (Kranc et al, 2015), Elf3 (Park et al, 2014), Klf1 (Nakagawa et al, 2008), Nfya (Dolfini et al, 2012), and Trp53bp1 (Marión et al, 2009) (Figure 4A, red text), and also identified several down-regulated genes known to act as barriers during the reprogramming process (Qin et al, 2014; Sakurai et al, 2014; Yang et al, 2014) (Figure 4A, blue text). We further validated the differential expression of a number of these reprogramming promoting and barrier genes by qRT-PCR (Figure S4A).…”