“…The instrumental case study research approach provides an understanding of a specific phenomenon and is designed around established theory (Grandy, 2010). The present study was designed around the established long-haul, low-cost carriers' (LCCs) business model (Albers et al, 2020;Francis et al, 2007;Renehan & Efthymioun, 2019;Wensveen & Leick, 2009) and air freight management and operations (Doganis, 2009;Dresner & Zou, 2017;Morrell & Klein, 2019;Sales, 2013Sales, , 2016Sales, , 2017.…”