Tranquillizing Drugs and Morphine-mania in Cats

Sturtevant, F. M.; Drill, Victor A.

doi:10.1038/1791253a0

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This misconception was later reinforced by Wickler ( 100 ) who administered doses as high as 15 mg/kg body weight. In 1957, a Nature publication reinforced this falsehood; “ Since morphine produces a peculiar excitant or manic state in cats, we were interested in the possible influences of these tranquillizing drugs (chlorpromazine) on the morphine reaction in this species ” ( 101 ).This confirmed the earlier judgements–do not administer opioids to cats, at least not alone.…”

Section: Causes Of the Demise Of Materia Medicamentioning

confidence: 69%

The Decline and Fall of Materia Medica and the Rise of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in Veterinary Medicine

Lees

Bäumer²,

Toutain³

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Materia Medica is a Latin term, relating to the history of pharmacy. It describes the sources (vegetable, animal and mineral), nature, preparation, and properties of substances or mixtures of substances, which were used as remedies for the treatment of diseases. Bourgelat authored the first veterinary Materia Medica book. This review describes the evolution and ultimate downfall of Materia Medica concepts and practices. Its survival for more than two millennia reflected the impact of religion and dogmas on therapy. The consignment of Materia Medica to history was signified by publication of the first modern book of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics by Meyer Jones in 1953. Previously, the dominance of Materia Medica was linked to an hippiatry culture, which was shared with farriers and quacks. The Pasteurian and pharmacological revolutions of the second half of the nineteenth century led to its gradual abandonment. This review explains why the existence of authentically active substances, such as opioid analgesics, cardiotonics and general anesthetics either were not used for those actions or were badly prescribed, in part because of historical precedence and in part from lack of pathophysiological knowledge to justify rational use. The modern concept of dosage, in particular inter-species differences, was not understood. There were also major dogmas, supporting false indications, such as failure to recognize pain as a symptom to be treated, whereas inflammation was only a disease symptom involving excess of activity of the blood system, which had to be vigorously addressed by bleeding and purging. This review covers a well-defined period, ranging from Bourgelat, who wrote the first book of Materia Medica for veterinary studies to the first edition of Meyer Jones textbook in 1953, which marked the end of Materia Medica and the beginning of pharmacology in veterinary medicine.

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Section: Causes Of the Demise Of Materia Medicamentioning

confidence: 69%

The Decline and Fall of Materia Medica and the Rise of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in Veterinary Medicine

Lees

Bäumer²,

Toutain³

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Tranquillizers presumably act at comparable levels. This may explain the suppression of morphine rage by reserpine and chlorpromazine (Sturtevant & Drill, 1957) and of " shame rage " by reserpine (Schneider, 1955). The extract produced suppression of rage (but not of mydriasis); this might be due, to some extent, to the increased muscle tone and tremor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Pharmacological Study and Fractionation of Paspalum Scrobiculatum Extract

Bhide

1962

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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The dried ethanol extract of the husk of the grain of Paspalum scrobiculatum produced tranquillization and tremors in various species of animals. It potentiated the effect of hexobarbitone in mice, produced hypothermia in mice and rats and enhanced leptazol toxicity in rats. Amphetamine group-toxicity in mice increased after injecting the extract or an emulsion containing a similar quantity of olive oil. Vomiting in pigeons and decrease of morphine rage in cats were noted. Diminution of carotid occlusion reflex and hypotension were observed in anaesthetized dogs. Tremors and sleep were experienced by a human volunteer after taking the extract orally. Stability of the extract under different conditions was studied in dogs. Fractions of the extract, resolved by solvent separation and column chromatography, were tested in dogs for tranquillization and tremors.

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“…In humans, clinical doses of full opioid agonists, such as morphine, cause mood alterations, sedation, euphoria, and cognitive impairment (Yaksh & Wallace, 2018). In cats, high doses of morphine are associated with behavioral excitement (Fertziger et al, 1974; Huidobro & Lewin, 1969; Loewe, 1956; Sturtevant & Drill, 1957). These behaviors are accompanied by autonomic effects, such as mydriasis, profuse salivation, defecation, urination, and nictitating membrane contraction.…”

Section: Pharmacology and Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

The history and pharmacology of buprenorphine: New advances in cats

Clark¹

2022

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Buprenorphine was originally synthesized as an alternative opioid analgesic with antinociceptive and narcotic antagonist properties without side effects and abuse potential (Cowan et al., 1971). Designated candidate M6029 (later RC6029-M), buprenorphine was first synthesized in 1966 from thebaine, a component of opium without opiate activity (Cowan, Lewis, & Macfarlane, 1977). Buprenorphine is of the oripavine class of opioids with the chemical designation N-cyclopropylmethyl-7 a-(I-S-hydroxy, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-6,

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Tranquillizing Drugs and Morphine-mania in Cats

Cited by 26 publications

References 3 publications

The Decline and Fall of Materia Medica and the Rise of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in Veterinary Medicine

The Decline and Fall of Materia Medica and the Rise of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in Veterinary Medicine

Pharmacological Study and Fractionation of Paspalum Scrobiculatum Extract

The history and pharmacology of buprenorphine: New advances in cats

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