Tramadol—A True Natural Product?

Kusari, Souvik; Tatsimo, Simplice Joel N.; Zühlke, Sebastian; Talontsi, Ferdinand Mouafo; Kouam, Siméon F.; Spiteller, Michael

doi:10.1002/anie.201406639

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Produced using a traditional technique, the SLT is equivalent to a local psychoactive product and widely available in rural Burkina Faso. There is no inventory concerning local psychoactive substances in Burkina Faso, and SLT seemed to be among the favorites for the rural Burkinabé women, as the roots of Sarcocephalus latifolius (plant which provides synthetic tramadol) or non-medical tramadol in Cameroon [22,23], or khat/miraa in rural Kenya [24,25].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Slt Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Smokeless tobacco use: its prevalence and relationships with dental symptoms, nutritional status and blood pressure among rural women in Burkina Faso

Diendéré¹,

Zeba

Nikièma³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Sub-Saharan women use smokeless tobacco (SLT) more than smoked tobacco. Among Western Africa countries, the estimated weighted prevalence of SLT use in rural women was the highest in Burkina Faso (after Sierra Leone). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of SLT use and its associated factors among rural women in Burkina Faso by using nationally representative data. Methods : We used data from the 2013 STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) study, which provided sociodemographic, clinical (anthropometric, systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], dental symptoms), biological (total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting blood sugar), and tobacco and alcohol consumption data. Data for 1730 rural women were used, and we performed Student’s, chi-squared and logistic regression. Results : The prevalence of current SLT use was 13.8% (95% CI: 12.2-15.5). Significant risks for SLT use were the presence of dental symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.59; p<0.001), undernourishment (aOR = 1.78; p<0.01), a decrease in waist circumference (aOR = 0.98; p<0.05), a decrease in DBP (aOR = 0.97; p<0.01), increase in SBP (aOR = 1.01; p<0.05), and an increase in differential blood pressure (aOR = 1.01; p<0.05). The co-use of alcohol was also a significant risk factor (aOR = 2.80; p<0.001). Conclusion : The prevalence of current SLT use was high among rural women in Burkina Faso, and significant concerns for users included alcohol co-use, the occurrence of dental symptoms, undernourishment, and an increase in differential blood pressure. National Public Health interventions are needed to reduce SLT use and its health-related concerns.

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Section: Prevalence Of Slt Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Smokeless tobacco use: its prevalence and relationships with dental symptoms, nutritional status and blood pressure among rural women in Burkina Faso

Diendéré¹,

Zeba

Nikièma³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Climate change another important factor that can affect their perennity. The discovery in natural state of the synthetic Tramadol, a sedative molecule from this African plant has increased its medicinal uses by local people [2–4]. The combination of its barks with those of Picralima nitida and of Alstonia boonei by traditional healers has contributed to an increasing in the exploitation of these natural resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main diseases treated by these three species of plant are: muscle and joints pains, hyperthermia, hypertension, hepatitis, jaundice and rheumatism. The more rich in documented information of the three species are Alstonia boonei and Sarcocephalius latifolius [1,2]. Crude extracts of these plants, either alone or in combination of two or three mixtures, are sold by traveling healers or hawkers in Cameroon’s markets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Uses and Natural Availability of Three Plant Species in Selected Ecosystems in Cameroon

Tsabang¹,

Albert

Tsafack³

et al. 2017

JAPLR

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In many developing countries traditional medicine constitutes a major part of health care because of its local availability and affordability compared to modern medicine. However, little is known about the specific uses and availability of medicinal plants. In this research an exploratory study was conducted to determine the uses of three medicinal plants in Cameroon, and to examine their relative distribution and abundance in specific habitats. From a questionnaire administered to traditional healers, we and found that three species of medicinal plants including: Alstonia boonei, Picralima nitida and Sarcocephalus latifolius that are commonly used, either singly or in mixtures to treat human diseases such as muscle and joints pains, hyperthermia, hypertension, hepatitis, jaundice and rheumatism. Fresh or dry barks of the tree plants and fresh fruits of Picralima nitida, as well as various ethnopharmacological preparations (decoctions, maceration, infusion and powder) are widely commercialized. Findings from our ecological study revealed that Alstonia boonei was represented by 2, or 1 % of total individuals recorded in 0.5 ha, implying 3 individuals and 6 trees/ha. This tree was well represented and was sometime among the forests. Picralima nitida was represented by 0.6 % of total trees recorded in 0.5 ha, implying 0.70 tree and 1 tree/ha. This tree was poorly represented and was not a dominant species in its habitats. Sarcocephalus latifolius belonged to a group of 72 plants with a recovery < 5% corresponding to Braun- Blanquet scale1. Hence, this plant was not densely represented in the Sudono-Guinean and Sahelian savannahs. It is the most harvested species of the three species that has undergone a strong anthropogenic destruction. Therefore these three plants, and especially Sarcocephalus latifolius, need to be protected through a sustainable management of their habitats in Cameroon.

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“…The level of accumulation shows great variability with geographical location (4) as well as with the age of trees. The absence or only trace amounts of tramadol in some samples [<0.00002% (wt/wt)] and its detection in soils near to trees [<0.00015% (wt/wt)] has led to the suggestion that its presence might be due to anthropogenic contamination, such as from cattle grazing (4). Equally plausibly, this later could be due to dispersal by baboons and monkeys known to feed on N. latifolia fruits and leaves, or by its known use in ethnoveterinary practices (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could also be the cause for the occurrence of the traces of tramadol metabolites found by Kusari et al (4). However, it cannot explain the high level at which it was found to occur in the samples obtained from bark and wood of roots of a plant growing in a section of the Benoué biosphere reserve in which human activity and livestock grazing are prohibited (1), a level independently confirmed (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A retro-biosynthetic approach to the prediction of biosynthetic pathways from position-specific isotope analysis as shown for tramadol

Romek

Nun

Remaud

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Tramadol, previously only known as a synthetic analgesic, has now been found in the bark and wood of roots of the African medicinal tree Nauclea latifolia. At present, no direct evidence is available as to the biosynthetic pathway of its unusual skeleton. To provide guidance as to possible biosynthetic precursors, we have adopted a novel approach of retro-biosynthesis based on the position-specific distribution of isotopes in the extracted compound. Relatively recent developments in isotope ratio monitoring by 13 C NMR spectrometry make possible the measurement of the nonstatistical position-specific natural abundance distribution of 13 C (δ 13 C i ) within the molecule with better than 1‰ precision. Very substantial variation in the 13 C positional distribution is found: between δ 13 C i = −11 and −53‰. Distribution is not random and it is argued that the pattern observed can substantially be interpreted in relation to known causes of isotope fractionation in natural products. Thus, a plausible biosynthetic scheme based on sound biosynthetic principals of precursorsubstrate relationships can be proposed. In addition, data obtained from the 18 O/ 16 O ratios in the oxygen atoms of the compound add support to the deductions made from the carbon isotope analysis. This paper shows how the use of 13 C NMR at natural abundance can help with proposing a biosynthetic route to compounds newly found in nature or those difficult to tackle by conventional means.NMR spectrometry | position-specific isotope analysis | retro-biosynthesis | tramadol | Nauclea latifolia

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Tramadol—A True Natural Product?

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Smokeless tobacco use: its prevalence and relationships with dental symptoms, nutritional status and blood pressure among rural women in Burkina Faso

Smokeless tobacco use: its prevalence and relationships with dental symptoms, nutritional status and blood pressure among rural women in Burkina Faso

Medicinal Uses and Natural Availability of Three Plant Species in Selected Ecosystems in Cameroon

A retro-biosynthetic approach to the prediction of biosynthetic pathways from position-specific isotope analysis as shown for tramadol

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