2011
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.11036
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Abstract: Two different patterns of wing venation are currently supposed to be present in each of the three orders of Paraneoptera. This is unlikely compared with the situation in other insects where only one pattern exists per order. We propose for all Paraneoptera a new and unique interpretation of wing venation pattern, assuming that the convex cubitus anterior gets fused with the common stem of median and radial veins at or very near to wing base, after separation from concave cubitus posterior, and re-emerges more … Show more

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Cited by 125 publications
(72 citation statements)
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“…Conflicting with the above mentioned result of Misof et al 27,. at least five non-homoplasious apomorphies support the monophyly of Paraneoptera, i.e., an elongate and stylet-like lacinia detached from stipes, an enlargement of clypeus and its associated muscles that are inserted on the dorsal wall of the preoral chamber, an anterior shift of the abdominal ganglia and their fusion with the metathoracic ganglia, the inflated anterior region of the second axillary sclerite, and the unique forewing venation138474950. There is no convincing morphological evidence for Psocodea + Holometabola.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Conflicting with the above mentioned result of Misof et al 27,. at least five non-homoplasious apomorphies support the monophyly of Paraneoptera, i.e., an elongate and stylet-like lacinia detached from stipes, an enlargement of clypeus and its associated muscles that are inserted on the dorsal wall of the preoral chamber, an anterior shift of the abdominal ganglia and their fusion with the metathoracic ganglia, the inflated anterior region of the second axillary sclerite, and the unique forewing venation138474950. There is no convincing morphological evidence for Psocodea + Holometabola.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This new genus is a representative of Insecta, Neoptera, Paraneoptera, and a member of the family Archipsyllidae Handlirsch, 1906 (= sister clade to Condylognatha). It can be distinguished clearly from the other genera of this family (Archipsylla Handlirsch, 1906, Archipsyllodes Vishniakova, 1976, Archipsyllopsis Vishniakova, 1976and Psocopsylla Özdikmen, 2009[= Eopsylla Vishniakova, 1976, not Eopsylla Argyropulo, 1946see Özdikmen, 2009]) by the following wing venation characters (Figs 1a,b,3a) (Vishniakova 1976;Huang et al 2008): Sc in forewing with only two sections (near wing base and at the base of pterostigma) in Mydiognathus whereas an additional section proximally of the pterostigma between wing margin and R1 in the other genera; basal Cua cross vein (or Cua itself in the sense of Nel et al 2012) in forewing forked from R+M in Mydiognathus whereas from M in the other genera; areola postica (ap) in forewing strongly constricted proximally in Mydiognathus whereas broadest at the base in the other genera; ap absent in hindwing of Mydiognathus whereas present in the other genera as far as known. Apart from these differences, wing venational and other morphological characters are in good agreement with the features previously described for the family, justifying the placement of Mydiognathus in the Archipsyllidae.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Not all modern Neuropterida have such brace between Median vein and RP, this character is not sufficient for an attribution of the "Strephocladidae" to the Holometabola; (ix) MP braced to CuA by a short important cross-vein brace mp-cua, a supposed fore-and hind wing synapomorphy of (Holometabola + Paraneoptera). As demonstrated by Nel et al (2012), the Paraneoptera have not such a brace but a fusion of CuA with median vein, thus this brace cannot be a synapomorphy of the clade (Holometabola + Paraneoptera), furthermore, such a brace is also present in Paoliida and Dictyoptera, see Prokop et al (2014a); (x) stem of Cu very short. This character is erroneous, as the stem of Cu is long in "Strephocladidae"; (xi) CuA branches long, apically oriented.…”
Section: Definition and Relationships Of The Anthracoptilidaementioning
confidence: 99%
“…the Homoiopteridae), they do not have a cubito-anal area so well defined by a distinctly concave CuP as in the Anthracoptilidae (see Prokop and Nel 2004); a free convex vein MA is present in the palaeodictyopteroid orders, which is not the case in the Anthracoptilidae; Kukalová-Peck and Beutel (2012) also proposed the following synapomorphy of Anthracoptilidae with the Neoptera, absent in palaeodictyopteroid insects: "AA2+3 and AP basally fused with several parallel forks". Paraneoptera hypothesis.-Affinities of the Anthraco ptilidae with the Paraneoptera are also unlikely because in the latter clade, CuA is basally fused with M (and R) and re-emerging distally as demonstrated by Nel et al (2012), which is not the case in the Anthracoptilidae.…”
Section: Definition and Relationships Of The Anthracoptilidaementioning
confidence: 99%