Training-induced plasticity in rats with cervical spinal cord injury: Effects and side effects

Krajacic, Aleksandra; Weishaupt, Nina; Girgis, Jacklyn; Tetzlaff, Wolfram; Fouad, Karim

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.05.053

Cited by 68 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Furthermore, the groups of animals receiving rehabilitation performed better in some tasks, making fewer mistakes while running along a ladder and beam. Similar results have been shown previously; after unilateral CST lesions, rats receiving delayed skilled grasping training also improve their performance in ladder walking (Krajacic et al, 2010). We did not repeat our previous experiment in which general environmental enrichment competed with skilled paw reaching, and paw-reaching rehabilitation did not affect performance on the ladder task in that study (García-Alías et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Spinally transected cats can be trained in either weight support or stepping, but successful stepping removes weight support and vice versa (De Leon et al, 1998a,b); rodents trained for skilled reaching make more mis-steps when running on a ladder, and general environmental enrichment extinguishes paw reaching (Girgis et al, 2007;García-Alías et al, 2009;Krajacic et al, 2010). After a unilateral cortical lesion, training the intact paw compromises recovery of the injured paw (Allred and Jones, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chondroitinase Combined with Rehabilitation Promotes Recovery of Forelimb Function in Rats with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Wang

Ichiyama²,

Zhao³

et al. 2011

Journal of Neuroscience

187

164

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Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) in combination with rehabilitation has been shown to promote functional recovery in acute spinal cord injury. For clinical use, the optimal treatment window is concurrent with the beginning of rehabilitation, usually 2-4 weeks after injury. We show that ChABC is effective when given 4 weeks after injury combined with rehabilitation. After C4 dorsal spinal cord injury, rats received no treatment for 4 weeks. They then received either ChABC or penicillinase control treatment followed by hour-long daily rehabilitation specific for skilled paw reaching. Animals that received both ChABC and task-specific rehabilitation showed the greatest recovery in skilled paw reaching, approaching similar levels to animals that were treated at the time of injury. There was also a modest increase in skilled paw reaching ability in animals receiving task-specific rehabilitation alone. Animals treated with ChABC and taskspecific rehabilitation also showed improvement in ladder and beam walking. ChABC increased sprouting of the corticospinal tract, and these sprouts had more vGlut1 ϩve presynaptic boutons than controls. Animals that received rehabilitation showed an increase in perineuronal net number and staining intensity. Our results indicate that ChABC treatment opens a window of opportunity in chronic spinal cord lesions, allowing rehabilitation to improve functional recovery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chondroitinase Combined with Rehabilitation Promotes Recovery of Forelimb Function in Rats with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Wang

Ichiyama²,

Zhao³

et al. 2011

Journal of Neuroscience

187

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Considering the increasing use of the skilled grasping task in neuroscience, these findings have broad implications. Additional to the traditional experiments investigating motor skill learning (Kleim et al 2004;Hosp et al 2011) and recovery after central nervous system injuries (Conner et al 2005;Alaverdashvili and Whishaw 2008;Krajacic et al 2010;Starkey et al 2012;Wahl et al 2014;Garcia-Alias et al 2015), more recent studies have made use of skilled grasping to evaluate the role of unexplored motor systems in skill learning and performance (Azim et al 2014;Esposito et al 2014;Alstermark and Pettersson 2014). Considering this gain of importance of skilled grasping in studies of systems neuroscience, it is paramount to be aware of and control for potential effects of motivation when designing the animal experiments and analyzing grasping learning and performance (Wong et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivational state, reward value, and Pavlovian cues differentially affect skilled forelimb grasping in rats

2016

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Motor skills represent high-precision movements performed at optimal speed and accuracy. Such motor skills are learned with practice over time. Besides practice, effects of motivation have also been shown to influence speed and accuracy of movements, suggesting that fast movements are performed to maximize gained reward over time as noted in previous studies. In rodents, skilled motor performance has been successfully modeled with the skilled grasping task, in which animals use their forepaw to grasp for sugar pellet rewards through a narrow window. Using sugar pellets, the skilled grasping task is inherently tied to motivation processes. In the present study, we performed three experiments modulating animals' motivation during skilled grasping by changing the motivational state, presenting different reward value ratios, and displaying Pavlovian stimuli. We found in all three studies that motivation affected the speed of skilled grasping movements, with the strongest effects seen due to motivational state and reward value. Furthermore, accuracy of the movement, measured in success rate, showed a strong dependence on motivational state as well. Pavlovian cues had only minor effects on skilled grasping, but results indicate an inverse Pavlovian-instrumental transfer effect on movement speed. These findings have broad implications considering the increasing use of skilled grasping in studies of motor system structure, function, and recovery after injuries.

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“…Indeed, to compensate for the prominent left hindlimb deficits and the larger partial SCI on the left side, it is likely that the right hindlimb had to adapt more intensively to assume the weight support, thus leading to EMG changes on the right side. Such an overuse of the right hindlimb can stimulate plasticity (Bland et al 2000;Ghosh et al 2009;Girgis et al 2007;Humm et al 1998;Kozlowski et al 1996;Krajacic et al 2010;Maier et al 2008) and probably affect the spinal reorganization, especially on the right side. In return, the right side of the spinal cord provides important inputs to the lesion side via commissural interneurons whose activity is influenced by the moving hindlimb and supraspinal structures (Jankowska 2008).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Locomotor Recovery After Incomplete Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of hindlimb locomotion after incomplete spinal cord injury in the cat involves spontaneous compensatory changes within the spinal locomotor circuitry

Martinez

Delivet-Mongrain

Leblond

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Training-induced plasticity in rats with cervical spinal cord injury: Effects and side effects

Cited by 68 publications

References 24 publications

Chondroitinase Combined with Rehabilitation Promotes Recovery of Forelimb Function in Rats with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Chondroitinase Combined with Rehabilitation Promotes Recovery of Forelimb Function in Rats with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Motivational state, reward value, and Pavlovian cues differentially affect skilled forelimb grasping in rats

Recovery of hindlimb locomotion after incomplete spinal cord injury in the cat involves spontaneous compensatory changes within the spinal locomotor circuitry

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