Train wheel diagnostics by laser ultrasonics

Cavuto, A.; Martarelli, Milena; Pandarese, Giuseppe; Revel, Gian Marco; Tomasini, Enrico Primo

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2015.11.014

Cited by 49 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…A limitation for on-board methods is that this method is quite time-consuming since the detection is only implemented after the rail is heated. Cavuto, Martarelli et al [13] proposed an air-coupled ultrasonic method. They installed the sensors on the bogie approaching the wheels to measure the radial and circumferential defect of wheel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Railway Wheel Flat Recognition and Precise Positioning Method Based on Multisensor Arrays

et al. 2020

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Featured Application: Wheel flats are one of the most threatening defects during the service lifespan of railway vehicle wheels. This study proposes a new long-term monitoring method for wheel flats based on multisensor arrays. The dynamic strain responses of rails are captured by sensor arrays mounted on the rail web, ensuring that all the wheels are assessed during the train passage. Through data fusion among multiple sensors, the method locates the specific position of wheel defects. This study provides potential guidance for the maintenance of vehicles soon after the occurrences of defects.Abstract: Wheel flats have become a major problem affecting the long-term service of railway systems. Wheels with flats create intermittent impact loads to trains and rails. This not only accelerates the deterioration of vehicle and track components but also leads to abnormal wheel-rail contact conditions. An effective method for detecting wheel conditions is urgently needed to ensure the operation of the railway and provide guidance for the repair of wheels. However, most previous researches have used qualitative detection methods, and hence have been unable to achieve accurate positioning of the wheel flats. In addition, the theoretical basis for the layout scheme for wheel flat detection sensors is lacking, making it impossible to meet the needs of field applications. In this study, we simulated the spatial distribution characteristics of rail strain, under different wheel flat conditions, and based on this, a layout scheme of multisensor arrays was proposed which more effectively captured the responses of the wheel flats. A wheel flat recognition and precise positioning method based on multisensor fusion was designed. The algorithm was validated through the combination of experimental and simulation methods. The result shows that the algorithm can ideally detect and locate the wheel flats under complex conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Railway Wheel Flat Recognition and Precise Positioning Method Based on Multisensor Arrays

et al. 2020

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“…Compared to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [8] and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [9,10], non-destructive techniques do not require time-consuming sample preparation with the further benefit of not damaging the unit under test. In fact, in most cases, i.e., for safety-relevant assemblies in aerospace [11], rolling stock [12], and automotive applications [13], it is mandatory to study failures and other damages through a nondestructive technique. These techniques become very efficient and effective for the quality and safety assessment of products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM): A Robust Method for Defect Detection during the Manufacturing Process of Ultrasound Probes for Medical Imaging

Bertocci

Grandoni

Djuric-Rissner

2019

Sensors

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The main aim of this paper is to provide the feasibility of non-destructive testing (NDT) method, such as scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), for damage detection in ultrasound (US) probes for medical imaging during the manufacturing process. In a highly competitive and demanding electronics and biomedical market, reliable non-destructive methods for quality control and failure analysis of electronic components within multi-layered structures are strongly required. Any robust non-destructive method should be capable of dealing with the complexity of miniaturized assemblies, such as the acoustic stack of ultrasonic transducers. In this work, the application of SAM in an industrial scenario was studied for 24 samples of a phased array probe, in order to investigate potential internal integrity, to detect damages, and to assess the compliance of high-demanding quality requirements. Delamination, non-homogeneous layers with micron-thickness, and entrapped air bubbles (blisters) in the bulk of US probe acoustic stacks were detected and studied. Analysis of 2D images and defects visualization by means of ultrasound-based NDT method were compared with electroacoustic characterization (also following as pulse-echo test) of the US probe through an ad-hoc measurement system. SAM becomes very useful for defect detection in multilayered structures with a thickness of some microns by assuring low time-consuming (a limit for other NDT techniques) and quantitative analyses based on measurements. The study provides a tangible contribution and identifies an advantage for manufacturers of ultrasound probes that are oriented toward continuous improvement devoted to the process capability, product quality, and in-process inspection.

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“…These methods range from simple visual inspection techniques to the most advanced non-destructive-testing (NDT) techniques. The NDT techniques include the ultrasonic technique, eddy current, and X-Ray [5,6,7,8,9], all of which need the bogie to be disassembled in order to perform the inspection. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an important method to determine structural integrity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Monitoring of Fatigue Crack in the Weld Zone of Bogie Frames Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves

Yan¹,

Jin²,

Sun³

et al. 2019

Sensors

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The bogie frame is an important structure of railway vehicles, transmitting the traction, braking force, lateral force, and vertical force during the traction operation. With the development of high speeds and heavy loads, the appearance of fatigue cracks in the bogie frames is increasing, which reduces the driving life of railway vehicles and even causes serious traffic accidents. Real-time monitoring on the integrity of the bogie is an inevitable requirement for ensuring the safe operation of railway vehicles. In this paper, ultrasonic guided wave-based active structural health monitoring (SHM) was developed to identify the fatigue crack of the bogie frame. Experiments were conducted on a welded T-shape specimen with a thickness of 12 mm. A total of 10 piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) disks were mounted around the weld zone of the specimen, five of which were used as actuators, and the other five were used as sensors. Five-peak modulation narrow-band sine waves were input into the actuators to excite the specimen. From the sensor signals, the advanced damage index (DI) was calculated to identify the propagation of the crack. The experimental results demonstrate that crack damage as small as 2 mm in the weld zone of the bogie frame can be successfully detected. Some practical issues for implementing the SHM in real applications, such as crack quantification and environmental compensation, were also discussed.

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Train wheel diagnostics by laser ultrasonics

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Railway Wheel Flat Recognition and Precise Positioning Method Based on Multisensor Arrays

Railway Wheel Flat Recognition and Precise Positioning Method Based on Multisensor Arrays

Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM): A Robust Method for Defect Detection during the Manufacturing Process of Ultrasound Probes for Medical Imaging

Active Monitoring of Fatigue Crack in the Weld Zone of Bogie Frames Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves

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