Tracking lithium transport and electrochemical reactions in nanoparticles

Wang, Feng; Yu, Hui; Chen, Min Hua; Wu, Lijun; Pereira, Nathalie; Thornton, Katsuyo; Ven, Anton Van der; Zhu, Yimei; Amatucci, Glenn G.; Graetz, Jason

doi:10.1038/ncomms2185

Cited by 271 publications

(340 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In recent years, the in situ TEM electrochemical testing technique has been used to probe structural variations of nanoscale electrode materials with high spatial resolution during discharge/charge 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45. We also constructed an electrochemical nanodevice using an Fe‐S@CNT as a working electrode for an in situ TEM experiment to examine its structural changes and to obtain direct insight into its Li‐storage mechanism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Electrochemical Lithium Storage Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes Filled with Iron Sulfide Nanoparticles

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Advanced Science

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) filled with iron sulfide nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared by inserting sulfur and ferrocene into the hollow core of CNTs followed by heat treatment. It is found that pyrrhotite‐11T iron sulfide (Fe‐S) NPs with an average size of ≈15 nm are encapsulated in the tubular cavity of the CNTs (Fe‐S@CNTs), and each particle is a single crystal. When used as the anode material of lithium‐ion batteries, the Fe‐S@CNT material exhibits excellent electrochemical lithium storage performance in terms of high reversible capacity, good cyclic stability, and desirable rate capability. In situ transmission electron microscopy studies show that the CNTs not only play an essential role in accommodating the volume expansion of the Fe‐S NPs but also provide a fast transport path for Li ions. The results demonstrate that CNTs act as a unique nanocontainer and reactor that permit the loading and formation of electrochemically active materials with desirable electrochemical lithium storage performance. CNTs with their superior structural stability and Li‐ion transfer kinetics are responsible for the improved rate capability and cycling performance of Fe‐S NPs in CNTs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Electrochemical Lithium Storage Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes Filled with Iron Sulfide Nanoparticles

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Advanced Science

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“…With high quality growth methods used as a test-bed, routes towards more up-scalable and lower cost alternatives can be developed based on a detailed understanding of new materials. In situ TEM is currently being used to identify the real effect of Li + intercalation into new nanomaterials without the complications that are difficult to assess in disordered powders [513][514][515].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

et al. 2013

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Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin ABSTRACTThe performance of the lithium-ion cell is heavily dependent on the ability of the host electrodes to accommodate and release Li + ions from the local structure. While the choice of electrode materials may define parameters such as cell potential and capacity, the process of intercalation may be physically limited by the rate of solid-state Li + diffusion. Increased diffusion rates in lithium-ion electrodes may be achieved through a reduction in the diffusion path, accomplished by a scaling of the respective electrode dimensions.In addition, some electrodes may undergo large volume changes associated with charging and discharging, the strain of which, may be better accommodated through nanostructuring. Failure of the host to accommodate such volume changes may lead to pulverisation of the local structure and a rapid loss of capacity. In this review article, we seek to highlight a number of significant gains in the development of nanostructured lithium-ion battery architectures (both anode and cathode), as drivers of potential next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices.

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“…Wang et al studied the conversion reaction for FeF 2 , which was observed to start at the surface and propagate into the bulk in a manner similar to spinodal decomposition. 61 In addition to the half-cell configuration that uses Li metal as the electrode, full-cell configurations have also been used recently. For example, Huang et al 62 used LiCoO 2 as the counter electrode to SnO 2 and observed a reaction front propagating in the lithiated SnO 2 nanowire, as depicted in Figure 5b.…”

Section: Open-cell Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced analytical electron microscopy for lithium-ion batteries

Qian

et al. 2015

NPG Asia Mater

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Lithium-ion batteries are a leading candidate for electric vehicle and smart grid applications. However, further optimizations of the energy/power density, coulombic efficiency and cycle life are still needed, and this requires a thorough understanding of the dynamic evolution of each component and their synergistic behaviors during battery operation. With the capability of resolving the structure and chemistry at an atomic resolution, advanced analytical transmission electron microscopy (AEM) is an ideal technique for this task. The present review paper focuses on recent contributions of this important technique to the fundamental understanding of the electrochemical processes of battery materials. A detailed review of both static (ex situ) and real-time (in situ) studies will be given, and issues that still need to be addressed will be discussed. NPG Asia Materials (2015) 7, e193; doi:10.1038/am.2015.50; published online 26 June 2015 INTRODUCTIONTo implement the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and smart grid systems, further improvements are required, especially with respect to the energy/power density, coulombic efficiency and cycle life. These parameters primarily depend on the diffusion of lithium-metal ions, electron transport, structure and chemical dynamics of the electrode/electrolyte materials, among others. During electrochemical cycling, significant changes in the material structure and elemental distributions occur, including ion relocation, lattice expansion/contraction, phase transition and structure/surface reconstruction. These changes could substantially influence ion and electron transport and affect the performance of the entire battery system. Understanding the structure-property relationships for each component and their synergistic behaviors during electrochemical processes is, therefore, essential for the design of new battery materials and the optimization of existing systems.Although many analysis techniques (for example, X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, neutron diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance and so on) have been employed for such studies, most of them can acquire only spatially averaged information. Nevertheless, the structural and chemical evolution of battery materials upon electrochemical cycling can often be linked to specific nanofeatures, such as defects, interfaces and surfaces. As a result, techniques based on analytical transmission electron microscopy (AEM) are ideal tools to study these issues. The capability of AEM to precisely probe the structural/chemical evolutions at an ultrahigh spatial resolution frequently provides insight that cannot be obtained directly using macroscopic characterization methods.

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Tracking lithium transport and electrochemical reactions in nanoparticles

Cited by 271 publications

References 37 publications

Synthesis and Electrochemical Lithium Storage Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes Filled with Iron Sulfide Nanoparticles

Synthesis and Electrochemical Lithium Storage Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes Filled with Iron Sulfide Nanoparticles

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

Advanced analytical electron microscopy for lithium-ion batteries

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