Tracking carbon from the atmosphere to the rhizosphere

Olsson, Pål Axel; Johnson, Nancy Collins

doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00831.x

Cited by 133 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The fast allocation of recent plant assimilated C to AMF and saprophytic soil fungi and the poor response of actinomycetes is in line with previous studies (Johnson et al, 2002;Treonis et al, 2004;Denef et al, 2009). However, we did not find a time lag between the response of saprophytic fungi and bacteria (Olsson and Johnson, 2005;Denef et al, 2007). Although 13 C enrichment in fungi and bacteria initially peaked at similar sampling times, with the enrichment being particularly high in AMF, 1 week after the pulse enrichment remained specifically high in saprophytic fungi, indicating longer retention times in this group of soil microbes, as was found by Treonis et al (2004).…”

Section: Species and Management Effects On C Fluxmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The main factors that determine rates of C loss via soil respiration are thought to be soil temperature and moisture (Davidson and Janssens, 2006). However, the underlying process of C mineralization is primarily governed by the activity of soil biota which are very responsive to plant C inputs and the transfer of recent photosynthetic C to soil via roots and their exudates (Olsson and Johnson, 2005;Ostle et al, 2007;Kuzyakov, 2010). In general, our understanding of the short-term transfer of C between plants and soil biota remains limited, although it is widely recognized that this interaction plays a key role in the C cycle and soil C sequestration (Ostle et al, 2009b;Bardgett et al, 2009;Paterson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These groups of soil biota play different roles in C cycling because of divergence in the speed of assimilation of plant-derived C, their spectrum of C sources and their average C:N stoichiometry (van der Heijden et al, 2008;De Deyn et al, 2008;Strickland and Rousk, 2010). In particular, mycorrhizal fungi are responsive to plant C assimilation and allocation to roots because of their symbiotic nature (Johnson et al, 2002;Olsson and Johnson, 2005). More generally, bacteria and fungi may differentially affect C cycling, so that ecosystem management that promotes fungi over bacteria, such as the cessation of fertiliser application (Bardgett and McAlister, 1999;Smith et al, 2008), is expected to promote soil C sequestration (Six et al, 2006;Strickland and Rousk, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed species-rich grasslands

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Plant-soil interactions are central to short-term carbon (C) cycling through the rapid transfer of recently assimilated C from plant roots to soil biota. In grassland ecosystems, changes in C cycling are likely to be influenced by land use and management that changes vegetation and the associated soil microbial communities. Here we tested whether changes in grassland vegetation composition resulting from management for plant diversity influences shortterm rates of C assimilation and transfer from plants to soil microbes. To do this, we used an in situ 13 C-CO 2 pulselabelling approach to measure differential C uptake among different plant species and the transfer of the plant-derived 13 C to key groups of soil microbiota across selected treatments of a long-term plant diversity grassland restoration experiment. Results showed that plant taxa differed markedly in the rate of 13 C assimilation and concentration: uptake was greatest and 13 C concentration declined fastest in Ranunculus repens, and assimilation was least and 13 C signature remained longest in mosses. Incorporation of recent plantderived 13 C was maximal in all microbial phosopholipid fatty acid (PLFA) markers at 24 h after labelling. The greatest incorporation of 13 C was in the PLFA 16:1ω5, a marker for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), while after 1 week most 13 C was retained in the PLFA18:2ω6,9 which is indicative of assimilation of plant-derived 13 C by saprophytic fungi. Our results of 13 C assimilation and transfer within plant species and soil microbes were consistent across management treatments. Overall, our findings suggest that plant diversity restoration management may not directly affect the C assimilation or retention of C by individual plant taxa or groups of soil microbes, it can impact on the fate of recent C byCorrespondence to: G. B. De Deyn (gerlindede@gmail.com) changing their relative abundances in the plant-soil system. Moreover, across all treatments we found that plant-derived C is rapidly transferred specifically to AMF and decomposer fungi, indicating their consistent key role in the cycling of recent plant derived C.

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Section: Species and Management Effects On C Fluxmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed species-rich grasslands

et al. 2011

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“…Although this study provides new insight into the specific plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere under elevated CO 2 , knowledge is still rather scarce with respect to the relative flow of C to different biological groups of the plant-soil ecosystem (Olsson and Johnson, 2005;Carney et al, 2007;Kreuzer-Martin, 2007). Such knowledge is critical to not only our understanding of soil food web, but also for predicting the future impacts of increasing CO 2 levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific rhizosphere bacterial and fungal groups respond differently to elevated atmospheric CO2

2009

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Soil community responses to increased atmospheric CO 2 concentrations are expected to occur mostly through interactions with changing vegetation patterns and plant physiology. To gain insight into the effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on the composition and functioning of microbial communities in the rhizosphere, Carex arenaria (a non-mycorrhizal plant species) and Festuca rubra (a mycorrhizal plant species) were grown under defined atmospheric conditions with either ambient (350 p.p.m.) or elevated (700 p.p.m.) CO 2 concentrations. PCR-DGGE (PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and quantitative-PCR were carried out to analyze, respectively, the structure and abundance of the communities of actinomycetes, Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas spp., Burkholderia spp. and Bacillus spp. Responses of specific functional groups, such as phloroglucinol, phenazine and pyrrolnitrin producers, were also examined by quantitative-PCR, and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) was employed to assess changes in exuded sugars in the rhizosphere. Multivariate analysis of group-specific community profiles showed disparate responses to elevated CO 2 for the different bacterial and fungal groups examined, and these responses were dependent on plant type and soil nutrient availability. Within the bacterial community, the genera Burkholderia and Pseudomonas, typically known as successful rhizosphere colonizers, were significantly influenced by elevated CO 2 , whereas the genus Bacillus and actinomycetes, typically more dominant in bulk soil, were not. Total sugar concentrations in the rhizosphere also increased in both plants in response to elevated CO 2 . The abundances of phloroglucinol-, phenazine-and pyrrolnitrin-producing bacterial communities were also influenced by elevated CO 2 , as was the abundance of the fungal genera Fusarium and Trichoderma.

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“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbioses with the majority of land plants (9,10) and have been recognized as a potentially important functional group involved in the sequestration of plant-derived C (9-11). Although recent progress has been made in our understanding of C fluxes from the plant to AMF, rhizosphere microorganisms, and the soil-food web, knowledge is still scarce with respect to the relative flow of C to specific biological groups in plant-soil systems (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Such knowledge is critical to our understanding of carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and to assessing soil carbon-storage potential in mitigating rising atmospheric CO 2 conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shifting carbon flow from roots into associated microbial communities in response to elevated atmospheric CO ₂

Drigo

Pijl

Duyts

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

393

271

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Rising atmospheric CO 2 levels are predicted to have major consequences on carbon cycling and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Increased photosynthetic activity is expected, especially for C-3 plants, thereby influencing vegetation dynamics; however, little is known about the path of fixed carbon into soil-borne communities and resulting feedbacks on ecosystem function. Here, we examine how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) act as a major conduit in the transfer of carbon between plants and soil and how elevated atmospheric CO 2 modulates the belowground translocation pathway of plant-fixed carbon. Shifts in active AMF species under elevated atmospheric CO 2 conditions are coupled to changes within active rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities. Thus, as opposed to simply increasing the activity of soil-borne microbes through enhanced rhizodeposition, elevated atmospheric CO 2 clearly evokes the emergence of distinct opportunistic plantassociated microbial communities. Analyses involving RNA-based stable isotope probing, neutral/phosphate lipid fatty acids stable isotope probing, community fingerprinting, and real-time PCR allowed us to trace plant-fixed carbon to the affected soil-borne microorganisms. Based on our data, we present a conceptual model in which plant-assimilated carbon is rapidly transferred to AMF, followed by a slower release from AMF to the bacterial and fungal populations well-adapted to the prevailing (myco-)rhizosphere conditions. This model provides a general framework for reappraising carbon-flow paths in soils, facilitating predictions of future interactions between rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations and terrestrial ecosystems. 13C | arbuscular mycorrhizal | climate change | RNA-based stable isotope probing | rhizosphere

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Tracking carbon from the atmosphere to the rhizosphere

Cited by 133 publications

References 34 publications

Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed species-rich grasslands

Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed species-rich grasslands

Specific rhizosphere bacterial and fungal groups respond differently to elevated atmospheric CO2

Shifting carbon flow from roots into associated microbial communities in response to elevated atmospheric CO ₂

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Tracking carbon from the atmosphere to the rhizosphere

Cited by 133 publications

References 34 publications

Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed species-rich grasslands

Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed species-rich grasslands

Specific rhizosphere bacterial and fungal groups respond differently to elevated atmospheric CO2

Shifting carbon flow from roots into associated microbial communities in response to elevated atmospheric CO 2

Contact Info

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Shifting carbon flow from roots into associated microbial communities in response to elevated atmospheric CO ₂