Tracing the Laacher See Tephra in the varved sediment record of the Trzechowskie palaeolake in central Northern Poland

Wulf, Sabine; Ott, Florian; Słowiński, Michael; Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M.; Dräger, Nadine; Martín-Puertas, Celia; Czymzik, Markus; Neugebauer, Ina; Dulski, Peter; Bourne, A. J.; Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław; Brauer, Achim

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.07.010

Cited by 79 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Non-varved intervals in TSK sediments were bridged based on varve thickness measurements in neighboring well-varved sediment sections. Independent age control for the TSK and JC varve chronologies was provided by radiocarbon dating and tephrochronology (for details see: Dräger et al, 2016;Ott et al, 2016Ott et al, , 2017Wulf et al, 2013). Resulting chronological uncertainties are ±17 (TSK) and ±4 years (JC) for the Maunder Minimum, ±139 (TSK) and ±29 years (JC) for the Homeric Minimum as well as ±74 (TSK) and ±56 years (JC) for the 5500 a BP grand solar minimum (see Fig.…”

Section: Original Chronologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TSK sediments during the investigated grand solar minima are composed of alternating intervals of organic, calcite and rhodochrosite varves as well as intercalated non-varved sections (Dräger et al, 2017). JC sediments for these time windows comprise endogenic calcite varves with couplets of calcite and organic/diatom sub-layers, and an additional layer of resuspended littoral material since about 2800 a BP Wulf et al, 2013). TSK and JC are located at the interface of maritime westerly and continental airflow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synchronizing 10Be in two varved lake sediment records to IntCal13 14C during three grand solar minima

et al. 2018

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Abstract.Timescale uncertainties between paleoclimate reconstructions often inhibit studying the exact timing, spatial expression and driving mechanisms of climate variations. Detecting and aligning the globally common cosmogenic radionuclide production signal via a curve fitting method provides a tool for the quasi-continuous synchronization of paleoclimate archives. In this study, we apply this approach to synchronize 10

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Section: Original Chronologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronizing 10Be in two varved lake sediment records to IntCal13 14C during three grand solar minima

et al. 2018

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“…The LSE occurred at ∼ 12.880 ± 0.040 ka BP based on the position of tephra within regional varved lake sequences (e.g. Wulf et al, 2013;Brauer et al, 1999a;Lane et al, 2015;Bronk Ramsey et al, 2015), consistent with radiocarbon (12.934 ± 0.165 cal ka BP; Baales et al, 2002) and 40 Ar / 39 Ar (12.9 ± 0.50 ka BP; van den Bogaard, 1995) ages for the eruption; the absolute age of the eruption is therefore well constrained. The eruption was one of the largest in Europe during the late Quaternary and dispersed over 20 km 3 of pumice and ash over > 230 000 km 2 of central Europe Semi-transparent white areas in (a) demarcate continental glaciers, and the reconstruction and map are adapted from Baldini et al (2015b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly

2018

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Abstract. The Younger Dryas is considered the archetypal millennial-scale climate change event, and identifying its cause is fundamental for thoroughly understanding climate systematics during deglaciations. However, the mechanisms responsible for its initiation remain elusive, and both of the most researched triggers (a meltwater pulse or a bolide impact) are controversial. Here, we consider the problem from a different perspective and explore a hypothesis that Younger Dryas climate shifts were catalysed by the unusually sulfurrich 12.880 ± 0.040 ka BP eruption of the Laacher See volcano (Germany). We use the most recent chronology for the GISP2 ice core ion dataset from the Greenland ice sheet to identify a large volcanic sulfur spike coincident with both the Laacher See eruption and the onset of Younger Dryasrelated cooling in Greenland (i.e. the most recent abrupt Greenland millennial-scale cooling event, the Greenland Stadial 1, GS-1). Previously published lake sediment and stalagmite records confirm that the eruption's timing was indistinguishable from the onset of cooling across the North Atlantic but that it preceded westerly wind repositioning over central Europe by ∼ 200 years. We suggest that the initial short-lived volcanic sulfate aerosol cooling was amplified by ocean circulation shifts and/or sea ice expansion, gradually cooling the North Atlantic region and incrementally shifting the midlatitude westerlies to the south. The aerosol-related cooling probably only lasted 1-3 years, and the majority of Younger Dryas-related cooling may have been due to the seaice-ocean circulation positive feedback, which was particularly effective during the intermediate ice volume conditions characteristic of ∼ 13 ka BP. We conclude that the large and sulfur-rich Laacher See eruption should be considered a viable trigger for the Younger Dryas. However, future studies should prioritise climate modelling of high-latitude volcanism during deglacial boundary conditions in order to test the hypothesis proposed here.

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“…Therefore, corrosive chemical pre-treatment is increasingly avoided in tephrochronological studies and has been replaced by heavy-liquid floatation protocols (Blockley et al, 2005;Turney, 1998). The use of NaOH (typically 0.3 M in tephra preparation studies) for cleaning tephra samples of biogenic Si (Davies et al, 2003;Rose et al, 1996;Wulf et al, 2013) should be used with great caution. Our study demonstrates that alkaline treatments lead to severe dissolution of shards, and can negatively affect the reconnaissance of shards for EPMA analysis.…”

Section: Implications For Pre-treatment Steps Of Epma During Tephrochmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of tephra constituents during biogenic silica determination: implications for soil and palaeoecological studies

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Biogenic silica (BSi) is used as a proxy by soil scientists to identify biological effects on the Si cycle and by palaeoecologists to study environmental changes. Alkaline extractions are typically used to measure BSi in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. The dissolution properties of volcanic glass in tephra deposits and their nanocrystalline weathering products are hypothesized to overlap those of BSi; however, data to support this behaviour are lacking. The potential that Si-bearing fractions dissolve in alkaline media (Si Alk ) that do not necessarily correspond to BSi brings the applicability of BSi as a proxy into question. Here, analysis of 15 samples reported as tephra-containing allows us to reject the hypothesis that tephra constituents produce an identical dissolution signal to that of BSi during alkaline extraction. We found that dissolution of volcanic glass shards is incomplete during alkaline dissolution. Simultaneous measurement of Al and Si used here during alkaline dissolution provides an important parameter to enable us to separate glass shard dissolution from dissolution of BSi and other Si-bearing fractions. The contribution from volcanic glass shards (between 0.2 and 4 wt % SiO 2 ), the main constituent of distal tephra, during alkaline dissolution can be substantial depending on the total Si Alk . Hence, soils and lake sediments with low BSi concentrations are highly sensitive to the additional dissolution from tephra constituents and its weathering products. We advise evaluation of the potential for volcanic or other non-biogenic contributions for all types of studies using BSi as an environmental proxy.

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Tracing the Laacher See Tephra in the varved sediment record of the Trzechowskie palaeolake in central Northern Poland

Cited by 79 publications

References 45 publications

Synchronizing <sup>10</sup>Be in two varved lake sediment records to IntCal13 <sup>14</sup>C during three grand solar minima

Synchronizing <sup>10</sup>Be in two varved lake sediment records to IntCal13 <sup>14</sup>C during three grand solar minima

Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly

The contribution of tephra constituents during biogenic silica determination: implications for soil and palaeoecological studies

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Tracing the Laacher See Tephra in the varved sediment record of the Trzechowskie palaeolake in central Northern Poland

Cited by 79 publications

References 45 publications

Synchronizing &lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;Be in two varved lake sediment records to IntCal13 &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C during three grand solar minima

Synchronizing &lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;Be in two varved lake sediment records to IntCal13 &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C during three grand solar minima

Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly

The contribution of tephra constituents during biogenic silica determination: implications for soil and palaeoecological studies

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Synchronizing <sup>10</sup>Be in two varved lake sediment records to IntCal13 <sup>14</sup>C during three grand solar minima

Synchronizing <sup>10</sup>Be in two varved lake sediment records to IntCal13 <sup>14</sup>C during three grand solar minima