Tracing fuel component carbon in the emissions from diesel engines

Buchholz, Bruce A.; Mueller, Charles J.; Martin, Glen C.; Cheng, A. S.; Dibble, Robert W.; Frantz, Brian R.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.154

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…VOF (including unburned lubrication oil) was removed from PM-and in-cylinder-deposit samples and motoredonly controls by baking the loaded filters at 330°C for 2 h in a furnace [29]. This procedure to remove the VOF was developed to obtain consistent isotope ratios and mass fraction of the NVF from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material (SRM).…”

Section: Processing Of Condensed-phase Samples To Removementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of oxygen-containing compounds (oxygenates) to diesel fuel has been shown to attenuate particulate matter (PM) emissions while also improving or maintaining acceptable levels of other regulated emissions (NO x , HC, and CO) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Many studies show a linear decrease in engine-out soot with an increase in the mass fraction of oxygen in the fuel, regardless of the type of oxygenate used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Carbon-14 Isotope Tracing to Investigate Molecular Structure Effects of the Oxygenate Dibutyl Maleate on Soot Emissions from a DI Diesel Engine

Buchholz¹,

Mueller²,

Upatnieks³

et al. 2004

SAE Technical Paper Series

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The effect of oxygenate molecular structure on soot emissions from a DI diesel engine was examined using carbon-14 (14 C) isotope tracing. Carbon atoms in three distinct chemical structures within the diesel oxygenate dibutyl maleate (DBM) were labeled with 14 C. The 14 C from the labeled DBM was then detected in engine-out particulate matter (PM), in-cylinder deposits, and CO 2 emissions using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The results indicate that molecular structure plays an important role in determining whether a specific carbon atom either does or does not form soot. Chemical-kinetic modeling results indicate that structures that produce CO 2 directly from the fuel are less effective at reducing soot than structures that produce CO before producing CO 2. Because they can follow individual carbon atoms through a real combustion process, 14 C isotope tracing studies help strengthen the connection between actual engine emissions and chemical-kinetic models of combustion and soot formation/oxidation processes.

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Section: Processing Of Condensed-phase Samples To Removementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Carbon-14 Isotope Tracing to Investigate Molecular Structure Effects of the Oxygenate Dibutyl Maleate on Soot Emissions from a DI Diesel Engine

Buchholz¹,

Mueller²,

Upatnieks³

et al. 2004

SAE Technical Paper Series

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show abstract

“…A medical waste incinerator was capable of producing a super modern forest outside Oak Ridge, Tennessee USA [12][13][14] and releases from nuclear facilities and radioisotope laboratories were implicated in producing locally elevated vegetation [15][16][17]. All medical waste and low-level radioactive waste incinerators are potential sources of tracer 14 C in PM since isotopic signatures are carried from fuel through the combustion process to PM [18]. Additionally, hood exhaust from laboratories using 14 in fullerene soot aerosol monitors deployed in and around AMS facilities [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous elevated radiocarbon measurements of PM2.5

Buchholz

Fallon

Zermeño

et al. 2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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“…While measurements of particulate matter (PM), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) are routine, determining the contribution of carbon atoms in the original fuel molecules to the formation of these undesired exhaust emissions has proven difficult. 72 Renewable bio-derived fuels (ethanol or biodiesel) containing a universal distribution of contemporary carbon are easily traced by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). These measurements provide general information about the emissions of bio-derived fuels.…”

Section: Petroleum Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%