Traceability of Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Its Reduction in Rubber Composites of Tire Inner Liner

Abstract

Many parts of the vehicle cabin generate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and they are hazardous to humans. In this study, VOCs in the inner liner of automobile spare tire, and separately the significant materials used in it, like raw rubber and resins, were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with extracting method of static headspace sampling (SHS). By comparison, the sources of VOCs can be traced back to raw rubbers and resins. And the results indicated that alkylphenol resins are the most volatile raw materials, which would release 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-3-heptene. Secondly, chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) contained 3-methyl-pentane and methyl-cyclopentane. At the same time, through replacements of raw materials in initial formulation, such as alkylphenol resins and natural rubber (NR) with low VOCs, the total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) discharged in inner liner could be reduced. We expected that the information gained from this work could provide references and positive significance for the manufacture of environmental-friendly tire products.

Deodorizing effects of sepiolite on odorous volatile organic compounds of natural rubber latex films

“…The VOCs (listed in Exhibit 5) were detected from NRL chemical composition that can be classified into carboxylic acid, alcohol, amide, hydrocarbon, terpene, and piperidines. These VOCs formations are attributed to the aerobic or anaerobic decomposition degradation, or redox reactions that involves deterioration of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein in rubber (Chen et al., 2021; Juntarachat et al., 2013). It is crucial to clarify that the odor emission from NRL films is attributed to the mixture of odorous VOCs.…”

“…Pentanoic acid Carboxylic acid Unpleasant odor, putrid, rancid, sweaty, sour (Chen et al, 2021;Idris et al, 2012) 0.0021-3 (Burdock, 2001;Ruth, 1986) 8.…”

“…Exhibit , 1989;Burdock, 2001;Cometto-Muñiz & Abraham, 2010;Guth et al, 1992;Leonardos et al, 1969;Ruth, 1986) 2. Propanoic acid Carboxylic acid Sharp rancid odor (Chen et al, 2021) 0.00099 -48.06 (AIHA, 1989Burdock, 2001;Ruth, 1986) 3.…”