Trace Enantioselective Determination of Imidazolinone Herbicides in Various Food Matrices Using a Modified QuEChERS Method and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Current Strategies for Studying the Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Compounds in Food by Chromatographic Separation Techniques

“…As it can be observed, liquid chromatography is particularly appropriate for the analysis of polar, non-volatile, and/or thermally labile pesticides. Because of its high selectivity and sensitivity, HPLC and UHPLC in combination with MS/MS have mostly been used in this field especially to determine the insecticides and herbicides belonging to organophosphorus compounds, imidazolinone and pyridine carboxylic acid derivatives, and in study of samples containing multiclass pesticides [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]27,[30][31][32][33][34]. However, in a few cases, i.e., triazine and phenylurea herbicides, the HPLC coupled with spectrophotometric detection HPLC-UV or DAD has also been applied [25,26,28].…”

“…However, in a few cases, i.e., triazine and phenylurea herbicides, the HPLC coupled with spectrophotometric detection HPLC-UV or DAD has also been applied [25,26,28]. Various kinds of stationary phases (columns) have been used in the HPLC determination of pesticides, mainly C18 [16][17][18]20,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31], and also chiral [19,33], BEH HILIC [21], Hypercarb [22], Obelisc N HILIC [24,34], Acquity UPLC HSS T3 [23,32]. In general, water or water with formic acid or acetic acid or ammonium formate, acetonitrile, and methanol have been applied as mobile phases with gradient or isocratic elution, respectively.…”

“…However, owing to the new SPE (solid phase extraction) systems consisting novel polymers as adsorbents e.g., porous organic polymer Car-DMB, Py-DMB HCP (heterocyclic hypercrosslinked polymer), HPLC analysis further allows the quantification of some pesticides in food samples at concentrations of ng/g [25,28]. As is shown in Table 1, many HPLC-MS/MS techniques with triple quadrupole (TQ), electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode or selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode have been mainly used for the determination of different kind of pesticides [16,[18][19][20][21]27,31,33]. In addition, the HPLC-MS/MS methods with electrospray ionization (ESI) and quadrupole trap (QTRAP) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode have been also employed in the analysis of various pesticides [23,24,30,34].…”

“…Studies [19,33] indicate that chiral LC-TQ-ESI-MS/MS and UPLC-TQ-ESI-MS/MS in MRM mode have been successfully applied to the simultaneous enantioselective determination of chiral pesticides in different vegetables and fruits. Martínez et al [27] determined 27 acidic herbicides and 8 phytohormones in fruits and vegetables using UHPLC-TQ-ESI-MS/MS technique in the MRM mode.…”

Development of a Novel Molecularly Imprinted Polyvinylimidazole/Functionalized Carbon Black Nanocomposite‐based Paste Electrode for Electrochemical Sensing of Imazethapyr in Rice Samples

“…Different analytical methods have been used to determine IMT, such as Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [8][9][10], Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) [11,12], Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) [13][14][15] and immunoanalysis systems [16]. However, these techniques are associated with high waste generation, high cost and time of analysis, requiring time-consuming steps for sample treatment, and making field analysis unfeasible.…”