Trace Analysis of Ethoxylated Nonionic Surfactants in Samples of Influent and Effluent of Sewage Treatment Plants by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Trace analysis of ethoxylated nonionic surfactants in samples of influent and effluent of sewage treatment plants by high-performance liquid chromatography. Kiewiet, A.Th.; van der Steen, J.M.D.; Parsons, J.R. Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Yeast and hyphal walls of Candida albicans were extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Some of the extracted proteins reacted with a specific ␤-1,6-glucan antiserum but not with a ␤-1,3-glucan antiserum. They lost their ␤-1,6-glucan epitope after treatment with ice-cold aqueous hydrofluoric acid, suggesting that ␤-1,6-glucan was linked to the protein through a phosphodiester bridge. When yeast and hyphal walls extracted with SDS were subsequently extracted with a pure ␤-1,3-glucanase, several mannoproteins that were recognized by both the ␤-1,6-glucan antiserum and the ␤-1,3-glucan antiserum were released. Both epitopes were sensitive to aqueous hydrofluoric acid treatment, suggesting that ␤-1,3-glucan and ␤-1,6-glucan are linked to proteins by phosphodiester linkages. The possible role of ␤-glucans in the retention of cell wall proteins is discussed.

Decreases in Surface Activities and Aquatic Toxicities of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and Alcohol Ethoxylates during Biodegradation

“…Then 250 µL of dichloromethane (Junsei Chemistry) and an internal standard C 18 alcohol (Junsei Chemistry) were added. To give ultraviolet absorption, AE was derivatized by adding 5 µL of phenyl isocyanate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and heated in an oven at 55 2 ˚C for 45 min 14,15) . Collection rate of this procedure was about 85 %.…”

Analysis of Surfactants in Environmental Samples by Chromatographic Techniques

“…However, aliphatic surfactants (e.g., AEOs and AES) have not been monitored so much due to their lack of UV absorbance or fluorescence. Prior derivatization using phenylisocyanate [132], naphthyl isocyanate and naphthyl chloride (NC) [88,133], among others, must be carried out. Nowadays, however, this kind of surfactants, along with LAS, NPEOs and many other organic microcontaminants, are preferably determined by HPLC-MS, which offers several advantages over other detectors such as sensitivity, selectivity, and simultaneous identification and confirmation of multiple analyte classes by means of their molecular weight, retention time and mass spectra.…”

Development of an analytical procedure for the measurement of nonionic aliphatic polyethoxylated surfactants in raw wastewater

“…On the contrary, the coefficients of variation obtained for aged spiked wastewater samples at room temperature, ranging from 18 to 40 %, were anomalously large and these figures should be the result of adsorption of AAEs on suspended solids present in wastewater samples. Due to their hydrophobic nature, AAEs were shown to be mainly associated with the solid phase in influent samples [3] and the most probable explanation of the non-reproducibility of recoveries is that sorption of AAEs causes an inefficient extraction when working at room temperature. The increase of precision observed when aged spiked wastewater samples were extracted at 100°C, confirms this hypothesis: under these conditions, the coefficients of variation of AAE extraction recoveries varied between 4 and 15 % and were notably improved compared to those obtained at room temperature.…”

“…Liquid-liquid extraction [2], sublation [3] and mainly solid-phase extraction (SPE) were used to recover AAEs from aqueous matrices. SPE exploited the hydrophobicity of the AAE molecule and employed sorbents were alkyl-bonded silica [4][5][6] and graphitized carbon black [7,8].…”

“…SPE exploited the hydrophobicity of the AAE molecule and employed sorbents were alkyl-bonded silica [4][5][6] and graphitized carbon black [7,8]. Extraction of AAEs from the solid phase was carried out using traditional Soxhlet liquidsolid extractor [3]. Extracts are very complex mixtures including several tens to hundreds of individual AAEs which differ in their alkyl chains and in their degrees of ethoxylation.…”