Toxoplasmic ventriculitis

Mauhin, Wladimir; Demoule, Alexandre; Leclercq, Delphine; Gasnault, J.; Paris, L.; Katlama, C.; Epelboin, Loïc

doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2015.11.005

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Cerebral toxoplasmosis usually presents neurological subacute manifestations. However, the disease can show a rapidly progressing disease and fatal diffuse encephalitis or ventriculitis without evidence of focal brain lesions in imaging studies 7,68,69 or even a stroke-like presentation. 70 Clinical manifestations of the disease depend mainly on topography and number of lesions.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-Related Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Revisited: Current Concepts and Controversies of an Old Disease

Vidal

2019

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care

124

152

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Cerebral toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of expansive brain lesions in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and continues to cause high morbidity and mortality. The most frequent characteristics are focal subacute neurological deficits and ring-enhancing brain lesions in the basal ganglia, but the spectrum of clinical and neuroradiological manifestations is broad. Early initiation of antitoxoplasma therapy is an important feature of the diagnostic approach of expansive brain lesions in PLWHA. Pyrimethamine-based regimens and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) seem to present similar efficacy, but TMP-SMX shows potential practical advantages. The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is uncommon in cerebral toxoplasmosis, and we now have more effective, safe, and friendly combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) options. As a consequence of these 2 variables, the initiation of cART can be performed within 2 weeks after initiation of antitoxoplasma therapy. Herein, we will review historical and current concepts of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV-related cerebral toxoplasmosis.

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-Related Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Revisited: Current Concepts and Controversies of an Old Disease

Vidal

2019

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care

124

152

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“…These individuals may present with fever, meningeal signs, such as headache, stiff neck and photophobia, and encephalopathy that is rapidly fatal (161,162). Similar clinical manifestations and course have been reported in people with necrotizing ventriculitis due to T. gondii (163).…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Less often, TE in PLWH presents with one lesion or with no lesions on brain CT. Rarely, ventriculitis can be seen on brain CT of PLWH with TE (163,174,175). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the clinical imaging standard used in PLWH with suspected TE (176,177).…”

Section: Diagnostic Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

2020

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SUMMARY Toxoplasma gondii is known to infect a considerable number of mammalian and avian species and a substantial proportion of the world’s human population. The parasite has an impressive ability to disseminate within the host’s body and employs various tactics to overcome the highly regulatory blood-brain barrier and reside in the brain. In healthy individuals, T. gondii infection is largely tolerated without any obvious ill effects. However, primary infection in immunosuppressed patients can result in acute cerebral or systemic disease, and reactivation of latent tissue cysts can lead to a deadly outcome. It is imperative that treatment of life-threatening toxoplasmic encephalitis is timely and effective. Several therapeutic and prophylactic regimens have been used in clinical practice. Current approaches can control infection caused by the invasive and highly proliferative tachyzoites but cannot eliminate the dormant tissue cysts. Adverse events and other limitations are associated with the standard pyrimethamine-based therapy, and effective vaccines are unavailable. In this review, the epidemiology, economic impact, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of cerebral toxoplasmosis are discussed, and critical areas for future research are highlighted.

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Central nervous system infection with Toxoplasma gondii

Marra

2018

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

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Toxoplasmic ventriculitis

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

HIV-Related Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Revisited: Current Concepts and Controversies of an Old Disease

HIV-Related Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Revisited: Current Concepts and Controversies of an Old Disease

Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

Central nervous system infection with Toxoplasma gondii

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