Toxoplasma gondii in invasive animals on the Island of Fernando de Noronha in Brazil: Molecular characterization and mouse virulence studies of new genotypes

Lima, Débora Costa Viegas de; Melo, Renata Pimentel Bandeira de; Almeida, Jonatas Campos de; Magalhães, Fernando Jorge Rodrigues; Ribeiro-Andrade, Müller; Pedrosa, Camila de Morais; Oliveira, Cynthia Andréa Vasconcelos de; Porto, Wagnner José Nascimento; Su, Chunlei; Mota, Rinaldo Aparecido

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101347

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In this global systematic review, initially, 7,319 records were retrieved through principled search. After deleting duplicate records and screening, 24 studies were finally evaluated appropriate to be entered into this research (Araújo et al., 2010; de Lima et al., 2019; Dellarupe et al., 2019; Dubey et al., 2006, 2011; Galal et al., 2019; Herrmann et al., 2013; Howe & Sibley, 1995; Jokelainen & Nylund, 2012; Lehmann et al., 2003; Machačová et al., 2016; Muradian et al., 2012; Murata et al., 2018; Ruffolo et al., 2016; Silva et al., 2017; Vitaliano et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2013, 2018, 2019; Yai et al., 2009; Yan et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2013, 2014; Zheng et al., 2019). Figure 1 demonstrates the details of the search and study selection procedure in a PRISMA flow diagram.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from rodents in the world: A systematic review

Galeh

Sarvi

Hosseini

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Toxoplasmosis is one of the most frequent food‐borne infections in humans caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Rodents, as intermediate and reservoir hosts, play key role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis; because they are the main source of infection for the Felidae family members and establish the parasite life cycle. Hence, the infectious isolates of T. gondii in rodents may be the main genotypes infecting the environment, humans and animals. Our review aimed to present the population structure of T. gondii in these mammals. To access the relevant studies, six English language databases were systematically searched from 1990 to 2019. Finally, 3,395 samples of rodents were analysed for the genotyping data and 118 isolates were separated from the samples. The results of the present study showed that atypical genotypes were dominant with a frequency of 65.2% of the total isolates (77 out of 118). Clonal Types II, III and I had less frequency, respectively. Type I clonal isolates were identified only from Asia. The examination of genotypes circulating in rodents around the world revealed that ToxoDB #1 or #3 (Type II) were the most common, followed by ToxoDB #9 and #2, respectively. Overall, our data showed low genetic diversity of T. gondii with circulating clonal strains in rodents compare to the isolates from Europe, North America and Africa, while non‐clonal parasites with high genetic diversity were dominant in South America and Asia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from rodents in the world: A systematic review

Galeh

Sarvi

Hosseini

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…Hunting and consumption of animals such as the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestres) and the tegu lizard (Salvator merianae) is common among the residents of the Island of Fernando de Noronha. A study carried out on the Island of Fernando de Noronha reported 58.3% positivity for anti-T. gondii antibodies in rock cavies (Lima et al, 2019). The high prevalence of antibodies in rock cavies indicates that the consumption of this animal could be a potential source of T. gondii infection among the inhabitants of the island.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magalhães et al (2016a, b; has previously assessed infection by this coccidian in companion and production animals raised on Fernando de Noronha Island and found high seropositivity prevalence in sheep (85.0%; 204/240), pet cats (71.26%; 248/348), feral cats (54.74%; 150/247), and especially free-range chickens (88.4%; 380/430), which may indicate a high rate of environmental contamination by oocysts of the protozoan since chickens act as sentinels (Magalhães et al, 2016a;Dubey et al, 2010). Moreover, isolates of T. gondii have been obtained from animals from the island and molecularly characterized (Melo et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2017;Lima et al, 2019), indicating that there are a variety of genotypes of the protozoan in the insular environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional survey for Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans in Fernando de Noronha island, Brazil

Carvalho

Ribeiro-Andrade²,

Melo

et al. 2021

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is zoonotic disease and is one of the most important foodborne parasitic diseases globally. The prevalence in humans is highly variable, being influenced by cultural habits, socioeconomic, and environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in humans on the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco State, Brazil, and to identify the risk factors associated with this infection. The seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G anti-T. gondii antibodies was 50.4% (172/341, 95% CI: 45.2%–55.7%). Factors associated with the infection were consumption of well water or rainwater (odds ratio [OR]: 2.43, p=0.020) and consumption of game meat (OR: 1.80, p=0.026). This is the first study to provide epidemiological information of T. gondii infection among the residents of the Island of Fernando de Noronha, revealing a considerable antibody seroprevalence in this population. This study provides information for the adoption of prevention and control measures in island environments.

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“…A parameter originally valued in the strain’s virulence assessment was the median lethal dose (LD 50 ; Probit tests: ; Finney, 1971 ; Shittu et al., 2020 ), especially since the discovery of absolute lethal doses (LD 100 ) of a single parasite in the case of the strains related to haplogroup 1 ( Sibley and Boothroyd, 1992 ; Su et al., 2002 ; Salman et al., 2021 ). However, this calculation has fallen out of favour, similarly to duration of survival post infection analyses ( Wang et al., 2013a ; Costa Viegas de Lima et al., 2019 ). Accurately determined, these parameters could offer new insights into dose-dependency and infection dynamics.…”

Section: In Vivo Models For Virulence Assessment: State and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was an attempt to standardize the calculation of cumulative mortality rate by Saraf et al. (2017) , accepted as a consensus for virulence in mice assessment, but the fact is that this protocol has been applied in very few publications ( Costa Viegas de Lima et al., 2019 ; Fernández-Escobar et al., 2020 ; Uzelac et al., 2020 ; Fernández-Escobar et al., 2021 ). Current animal welfare policies, which strictly frame scientific research, aim to minimize the use of laboratory animals and to refine the experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unifying Virulence Evaluation in Toxoplasma gondii: A Timely Task

Calero‐Bernal

Fernández‐Escobar

Katzer

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Toxoplasma gondii, a major zoonotic pathogen, possess a significant genetic and phenotypic diversity that have been proposed to be responsible for the variation in clinical outcomes, mainly related to reproductive failure and ocular and neurological signs. Different T. gondii haplogroups showed strong phenotypic differences in laboratory mouse infections, which provide a suitable model for mimicking acute and chronic infections. In addition, it has been observed that degrees of virulence might be related to the physiological status of the host and its genetic background. Currently, mortality rate (lethality) in outbred laboratory mice is the most significant phenotypic marker, which has been well defined for the three archetypal clonal types (I, II and III) of T. gondii; nevertheless, such a trait seems to be insufficient to discriminate between different degrees of virulence of field isolates. Many other non-lethal parameters, observed both in in vivo and in vitro experimental models, have been suggested as highly informative, yielding promising discriminatory power. Although intra-genotype variations have been observed in phenotypic characteristics, there is no clear picture of the phenotypes circulating worldwide; therefore, a global overview of T. gondii strain mortality in mice is presented here. Molecular characterization has been normalized to some extent, but this is not the case for the phenotypic characterization and definition of virulence. The present paper proposes a baseline (minimum required information) for the phenotypic characterization of T. gondii virulence and intends to highlight the needs for consistent methods when a panel of T. gondii isolates is evaluated for virulence.

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Toxoplasma gondii in invasive animals on the Island of Fernando de Noronha in Brazil: Molecular characterization and mouse virulence studies of new genotypes

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from rodents in the world: A systematic review

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from rodents in the world: A systematic review

Cross-sectional survey for Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans in Fernando de Noronha island, Brazil

Unifying Virulence Evaluation in Toxoplasma gondii: A Timely Task

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