Toxoplasma gondii: A study of oocyst re-shedding in domestic cats

Zulpo, Dauton Luiz; Sammi, Ana Sue; Santos, Joeleni Rosa dos; Sasse, João Pedro; Martins, Thais Agostinho; Minutti, Ana Flávia; Cardim, Sérgio Tosi; Barros, Luiz Daniel de; Navarro, Italmar Teodorico; Garcia, João Luís

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.10.021

Cited by 62 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…To increase the number and duration of oocysts shedding, mice were fed the SC-26196 inhibitor every 12 hours only until day 5 post infection. Oocysts were monitored in the feces, with the peak of shedding being days 8-9 with between 100,000-150,000 oocysts/gram dry feces (Fig 6b, S7 Data), which is within the range seen for cats (2,000-1,500,000 oocysts/gram of feces [3,4]).…”

Section: Fig 3 Identification Of Gametes and Intracellular Oocysts Isupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The macro-and microgametes fuse to produce diploid oocysts, which develop thick impermeable walls and are shed in the feces. Cats usually excrete 2-20 million oocysts per day in their feces and usually shed oocysts 5-10 days post infection [3,4]. In ambient air and temperature, oocysts undergo a sporulation process to mature and become infectious.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal delta-6-desaturase activity determines host range for Toxoplasma sexual reproduction

et al. 2019

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Many eukaryotic microbes have complex life cycles that include both sexual and asexual phases with strict species specificity. Whereas the asexual cycle of the protistan parasite Toxoplasma gondii can occur in any warm-blooded mammal, the sexual cycle is restricted to the feline intestine. The molecular determinants that identify cats as the definitive host for T. gondii are unknown. Here, we defined the mechanism of species specificity for T. gondii sexual development and break the species barrier to allow the sexual cycle to occur in mice. We determined that T. gondii sexual development occurs when cultured feline intestinal epithelial cells are supplemented with linoleic acid. Felines are the only mammals that lack delta-6-desaturase activity in their intestines, which is required for linoleic acid metabolism, resulting in systemic excess of linoleic acid. We found that inhibition of murine delta-6-desaturase and supplementation of their diet with linoleic acid allowed T. gondii sexual development in mice. This mechanism of species specificity is the first defined for a parasite sexual cycle. This work highlights how host diet and metabolism shape coevolution with microbes. The key to unlocking the species boundaries for other eukaryotic microbes may also rely on the lipid composition of their environments as we see increasing evidence for the importance of host lipid metabolism during parasitic lifecycles. Pregnant women are advised against handling cat litter, as maternal infection with T. gondii can be transmitted to the fetus with potentially lethal outcomes. Knowing the molecular components that create a conducive environment for T. gondii sexual reproduction will allow for development of therapeutics that prevent shedding of T. gondii parasites. Finally, given the current reliance on companion animals to study T. gondii sexual development, this work will allow the T. gondii field to use of alternative models in future studies.

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Section: Fig 3 Identification Of Gametes and Intracellular Oocysts Isupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal delta-6-desaturase activity determines host range for Toxoplasma sexual reproduction

et al. 2019

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“…A single T. gondii felid could shed millions of oocysts after ingestion of raw meat containing T. gondii cysts, and the oocysts can survive in the environment for several years [ 27 ]. Furthermore, 100%, 10%, and 71% of cats shed oocysts after primary, secondary, and tertiary infection T. gondii [ 1 , 28 ]. The high seroprevalence of T. gondii in domestic cats (50%, 21/42) and wild captured large cats (88.9%, 8/9) from Henan Province [ 23 , 24 ] suggest that the risk of environmental contamination from felids should be given more attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in dairy cattle from China’s central region

Dong

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundToxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that can infect humans and other animals, including cattle. Cattle are one of the world’s main sources of meat, and people who consume raw or undercooked meat and milk of cattle infected with T. gondii can become infected. In this study, a total of 5292 dairy cattle serum samples, collected from 17 cities (Henan Province, China) from January 2015 to September 2017, were screened for antibodies against T. gondii.ResultsAntibodies to T. gondii were found in 1.93% (102/5292) (95% CI, 1.56–2.30) of dairy cattle using a modified agglutination test (cut-off 1:100). The results showed that geographic location and season may be risk factors for T. gondii infection of cattle (P < 0.05), and the seroprevalence of T. gondii in cattle along the Yellow River is higher than other areas.ConclusionsThis is the first large-scale investigation on the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in cattle from Central China. This survey shows that the T. gondii infection rate of dairy cattle is low; however, these findings provide additional information on the epidemiology of Chinese T. gondii. The possibility of dairy cattle exposure to T. gondii in Central China can not be ignored, and the consumption of raw or undercooked beef or milk may pose a risk to human health.

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“…O consumo de frutas e vegetais crus não apresentou associação com o resultado sorológico, entretanto, a higienização inadequada desses alimentos foi estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,045). Um estudo realizado por Sroka et al (2010) (Zulpo et al, 2018;Malmasi et al, 2009). Deste modo, aos tutores de gatos é importante informar as medidas de prevenção da toxoplasmose felina que se baseia em não alimentá-los com carnes cruas ou malcozidas, remover suas fezes diariamente, evitar o acesso à rua e impedi-los de caçar (Mitsuka-Breganó et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS À INFECÇÃO POR Toxoplasma gondii EM GESTANTES ATENDIDAS EM UMA UNIDADE DE SAÚDE ESPECIALIZADA NO MUNICÍPIO DE CURITIBA - PARANÁ

Brito

Poleto

Bontorin

et al. 2020

AVS

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RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a prevalência e identificar os possíveis fatores de risco associados à infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em 103 gestantes atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, em uma unidade de saúde especializada no município de Curitiba, Paraná. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico transversal quantitativo a partir da realização de entrevistas utilizando um questionário estruturado. As informações referentes à sorologia para T. gondii foram obtidas a partir das cadernetas das gestantes durante a entrevista. A investigação sorológica foi realizada por meio do ensaio imunoenzimático indireto e ensaio imunoenzimático de captura para identificação de IgG e IgM, respectivamente. Os testes do Qui Quadrado e Exato de Fischer foram utilizados para estimar a associação entre fatores de risco e sorologia. Anticorpos IgG e IgM foram detectados em 56,31% (58/103) e 0,97% (1/103), respectivamente. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre as variáveis renda familiar (p = 0,03), tipo de moradia (p = 0,005), consumo de carne crua ou malcozida e ingestão de frutas e vegetais mal higienizados (p = 0,045). Deste modo, a identificação de prováveis fatores de risco, poderá auxiliar na implantação de medidas de prevenção e controle da toxoplasmose materna e congênita. Palavras-chave: Fonte de infecção; prevalência; toxoplasmose; transmissão vertical. ABSTRACT:The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence and to identify the potential risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in 103 pregnant women attended by the Unified Health System in a specialized health unit in the city of Curitiba, Paraná. For this, a quantitative cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out based on interviews using a structured questionnaire. Information regarding serological screening was obtained from the pregnant women 's records during the interview. Serological investigation was performed by Indirect immunoenzymatic assay and capture immunoenzymatic assay for identification of IgG and IgM, respectively. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used for data analysis, and the odds ratio (OR) was used to estimate the chance of association between exposure and outcome variables. IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 56.31% (58/103) and 0.97% (1/103), respectively. There was a statistically significant association between the variables household income (p = 0.03), type of housing (p = 0.005), consumption of raw or undercooked meat, and ingestion of poorly hygienized fruits and vegetables (p = 0.045). Thus, the identification of probable risk factors may assist in the implementation of prevention Eficácia do uso distintos estimulantes do crescimento folicular em um protocolo para IATF em fêmeas NeloreArchives of Veterinary Science, v.25, n.1, p.67-79, 2020. and control measures for maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis.

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Toxoplasma gondii: A study of oocyst re-shedding in domestic cats

Cited by 62 publications

References 22 publications

Intestinal delta-6-desaturase activity determines host range for Toxoplasma sexual reproduction

Intestinal delta-6-desaturase activity determines host range for Toxoplasma sexual reproduction

Low prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in dairy cattle from China’s central region

FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS À INFECÇÃO POR Toxoplasma gondii EM GESTANTES ATENDIDAS EM UMA UNIDADE DE SAÚDE ESPECIALIZADA NO MUNICÍPIO DE CURITIBA - PARANÁ

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