Toxocara spp. eggs in public squares of Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil

Coelho, Lina; Dini, Carlos Yoshizaki; Milman, Mauro Henrique de Sá Adami; Oliveira, Sônia Maria de

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652001000400002

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, in Sorocaba, contamination occurred in 53.3% of the samples examined, besides being an urban area 5 . Several factors may contribute to this variation, such as climatic and environmental conditions, the density of dogs and cats in the areas 11 , texture of the soil analyzed, and diagnostic methodology employed 12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Also, the epidemiology of toxocariasis in different regions has been studied. An association between the higher frequency of seroreactivity to T. canis antibodies in humans and socioeconomic variables such as educational level, family income, water treatment 2 and contact with soil 5,6 , with a predominance of seropositivity in children, has been observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. Eggs in a rural settlement in Brazil

Santarém

Franco²,

Kozuki

et al. 2008

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYIn order to study the environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs in a rural community from the Pontal do Paranapanema region, São Paulo State, Brazil, soil samples from 31 out of 121 plots were collected in eight different places on each house. The samples were submitted to flotation technique in sodium nitrate (d = 1.20g/cm 3 ). Eggs of Toxocara spp. were recovered in nine (29.03%) out of the 31 plots. At least one dog was registered in 27 of the 31 plots examined (87.1%) and at least one cat in 17 (54.84%). The number of pets per plot ranged from one to six (mean of 2.3) for dogs and one to 14 (mean of 1.29) for cats. In 16 plots (51.61%), the presence of both dogs and cats was observed. There was no relation between the presence of pets in the plots and soil contamination (p > 0.05). However, the environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs associated to the poor conditions of the inhabitants may be an important risk factor for the human population to ocular or visceral larva migrans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. Eggs in a rural settlement in Brazil

Santarém

Franco²,

Kozuki

et al. 2008

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…In this study, there was no significant correlation between the average number of eggs and the locations of the parks. On the other hand, in other studies carried out in Brazil, the highest frequency of contamination was present in parks located on the outskirts (CHIEFFI; MÜLLER, 1976;COELHO et al, 2001;SANTARÉM et al, 2010). Thus, it is possible that climatic factors influenced the conditions for maintaining the eggs throughout the year.…”

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confidence: 73%

Contamination of public parks in Presidente Prudente (São Paulo, Brazil) by Toxocara spp. eggs

Santarém

Pereira

Alegre

2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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This study aims to evaluate soil contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs in public parks in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. Soil samples (500 g) were collected every month over a 12-month period, from 25 parks in different parts of the city (northern, southern, eastern, western and central areas). Two 10-g aliquots of the material collected from each park were subjected to the centrifuge-flotation method to recover Toxocara spp. eggs. Twenty-four out of the 25 squares studied (96.0%) were contaminated and the number of eggs recovered ranged from 1 to 398 per sample. Eggs were recovered all over the year. Despite the number being greater in autumn (p < 0.001), there was no correlation between number egg number and average monthly temperature (r = -0.492; p = 0.148) or between egg number and monthly rainfall (r = -0.299; p = 0.402). Park localization does not influence egg presence (p = 0.7116). Because of the high level of contamination of the parks by Toxocara spp. eggs, prevention of contamination of public areas by larva migrans agents is indicated.Keywords: Environment contamination, epidemiology, toxocariasis, larva migrans. ResumoO objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a contaminação do solo de praças públicas por ovos de Toxocara spp. em Presidente Prudente, São Paulo. Amostras de solo (500 g) foram coletadas mensalmente, durante um período de 12 meses, de 25 praças de cinco diferentes setores da cidade (norte, sul, leste, oeste e central). Duas alíquotas de 10 g do material coletado foram submetidas ao método de centrífugo-flutuação (sulfato de zinco; d = 1.200 g/cm 3 ), para recuperação dos ovos. Das 25 praças estudadas, 24 (96,0%) estavam contaminadas e o número variou de 1 a 398 ovos por amostra analisada. A recuperação foi verificada durante todos os meses do ano, sendo maior no outono (p < 0,001). Entretanto, não houve correlação entre o número de ovos e a temperatura média (r = -0,492; p = 0,148) e a precipitação pluviométrica (r = -0,299; p = 0,402) mensal. Não houve influência da localização dos parques sobre a quantidade de ovos (p = 0,7116). Devido ao alto nível de contaminação de parques públicos por ovos de Toxocara spp., a prevenção da contaminação de áreas públicas pelos agentes de larva migrans é indicada.Palavras-chave: Contaminação ambiental, epidemiologia, toxocaríase, larva migrans.

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“…have been found in soil samples worldwide. They are present in public and private 13 , Kaduna, Nigeria (50.4%) 22 , Prague, Czech Republic (20.4%) 14 , Sapporo, Japan (7.47%) 25 and London, United Kingdom (6.3%) 15 as well as in different regions of Poland (2-37%) 26 and Spain (3.8-52%) 10 7 , Fernandópolis (20.89%) 5 , Ribeirão Preto (20.5%) 3 and Botucatu (17.5%) 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of public parks and squares from Guarulhos (São Paulo State, Brazil ) by Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp.

Marques¹,

Guimarães²,

Boas³

et al. 2012

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe contaminated soil with mammal feces is an important factor of risk to infection with zoonotic diseases. Amongst these zoonoses are visceral larva migrans and cutaneous larva migrans caused by Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp., respectively. The aim of this study was to assess the environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs and hookworms (Ancylostoma spp.) in public parks and squares in the city of Guarulhos, a metropolitan area of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. Soil samples were collected, between September and December 2010, and examined using the centrifugal flotation technique with sodium dichromate and zinc sulphate as well as the modified Baermann method. Notably, 35 (74.5%) of the 47 districts surveyed in Guarulhos possessed samples contaminated with Toxocara spp. and/or eggs or larvae of Ancylostoma spp. The frequency of Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp. in the samples from public areas was 68.1% and 46.8%, respectively. Overall, the eastern side of Guarulhos is the region with the highest occurrence of causative agents of larva migrans. In all collection sites, the presence of feces from dogs and cats accompanied by their owners and stray animals were observed. Notably, it is important to adopt measures to control dog and cat breeding, to treat infected animals, and provide health education to the population.

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Toxocara spp. eggs in public squares of Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil

Cited by 63 publications

References 9 publications

Environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. Eggs in a rural settlement in Brazil

Environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. Eggs in a rural settlement in Brazil

Contamination of public parks in Presidente Prudente (São Paulo, Brazil) by Toxocara spp. eggs

Contamination of public parks and squares from Guarulhos (São Paulo State, Brazil ) by Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp.

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