Toxicology and Safety of Flavonoids

Martinez, Stephanie E.; Davies, Neal M.; Reynolds, Jonathan K.

doi:10.1002/9781118468524.ch6

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…To insure that the doses administered to the animals did not cause physiological disruption and compromise results, renal safety was assessed. Clinically, flavonoids have been reported to induce acute renal toxicity upon a large single dose as well as chronic low doses through uptake by, accumulation in and subsequent damage to the renal tubules . Furthermore, many flavonoids have been shown to possess the ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) ‐1 and ‐2 activity and therefore may possess nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)–like activity .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantiospecific pharmacokinetics of isoxanthohumol and its metabolite 8‐prenylnaringenin in the rat

Martinez

Davies

2015

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantiospecific pharmacokinetics of isoxanthohumol and its metabolite 8‐prenylnaringenin in the rat

Martinez

Davies

2015

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…While considerable attention has been focused on the beneficial health effects of flavonoids, excessive intake can also result in significant adverse effects [ 24 ], however there is a paucity of data on safety. Adverse affects range from mild gastro-intestinal symptoms to severe conditions such as haemolytic anaemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adverse affects range from mild gastro-intestinal symptoms to severe conditions such as haemolytic anaemia. Although flavonoids have been used as hepatoprotective drugs, flavonoids—and in particular gallated compounds found in green tea [ 25 ]—have been associated with increased risk of hepatotoxicity [ 24 ]. Flavonoid consumption has also been linked to haemolytic anaemia, and while this is best documented for (+)-catechin containing drugs [ 8 ], it is documented for other flavonoids as well [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Intake in European Adults (18 to 64 Years)

et al. 2015

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BackgroundFlavonoids are a group of phenolic secondary plant metabolites that are ubiquitous in plant-based diets. Data from anthropological, observational and intervention studies have shown that many flavonoids are bioactive. For this reason, there is an increasing interest in investigating the potential health effects of these compounds. The translation of these findings into the context of the health of the general public requires detailed information on habitual dietary intake. However, only limited data are currently available for European populations.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine the habitual intake and main sources of anthocyanidins, flavanols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, proanthocyanidins, theaflavins and thearubigins in the European Union.DesignWe use food consumption data from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the FLAVIOLA Food Composition Database to estimate intake of flavonoids.ResultsMean (±SEM) intake of total flavonoids in Europe was 428±49 mg/d, of which 136±14 mg/d were monomeric compounds. Gallated flavan-3-ols (53±12 mg/d) were the main contributor. The lowest flavonoid intake was observed in Mediterranean countries (monomeric compounds: 95±11 mg/d). The distribution of intake was skewed in many countries, especially in Germany (monomeric flavonoids; mean intake: 181 mg/d; median intake: 3 mg/d).ConclusionsThe habitual intake of flavonoids in Europe is below the amounts found to have a significant health effect.

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“…For the biological evaluation, the well-studied class of flavonoids-known to possess limited cytotoxicity and significant anti-aging activity [26,27]-was selected to be evaluated for their antioxidant and UV-protection activity. Alkaloids were excluded for any further evaluation due to their high toxicity [3,28], while phenolic acids and lignans were less promising as antioxidants than flavonoids since they had fewerfree hydroxyl groups [29,30].…”

Section: Biological Evaluation Of the Isolated Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Metabolites of the Stem Bark of Strychnos aff. darienensis and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and UV Protection Activity in Human Skin Cell Cultures

et al. 2019

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The genus Strychnos (Loganiaceae) is well-known as a rich source of various bioactive metabolites. In continuation of our phytochemical studies on plants from Amazonia, we examined Strychnosaff. darienensis, collected in Peru. This species has been traditionally used in South America and is still presently used as a drug by the Yanesha tribe in Peru. Phytochemical investigation of this plant led to the isolation and structure elucidation by ΝuclearΜagnetic Resonance and High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy of 14 compounds that belong to the categories of phenolic acids [p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1) and vanillic acid (2)], flavonoids [luteolin, (3),3-O-methyl quercetin (4), strychnobiflavone (5), minaxin (6) and 3’,4’,7-trihydroxy-flavone (7)], lignans [syringaresinol-β-D-glucoside (8), balanophonin (9) and ficusal (10)] and alkaloids [venoterpine (11), 11-methoxyhenningsamine (12), diaboline (13) and 11-methoxy diaboline (14)]. The isolated flavonoids—a class known for its anti-aging activities—were further evaluated for their biological activities on normal human skin fibroblasts. Among them, only (6), and to a lesser extent (7), exhibited cytotoxicity at 100 µg/ml. All five flavonoids suppressed intracellularreactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, either basal or following stimulation with hydrogen peroxide or both. Moreover, luteolin and strychnobiflavone protected skin fibroblasts against ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation-induced cell death. The isolated flavonoids could prove useful bioactive ingredients in the cosmetic industry.

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Toxicology and Safety of Flavonoids

Cited by 11 publications

References 145 publications

Enantiospecific pharmacokinetics of isoxanthohumol and its metabolite 8‐prenylnaringenin in the rat

Enantiospecific pharmacokinetics of isoxanthohumol and its metabolite 8‐prenylnaringenin in the rat

Flavonoid Intake in European Adults (18 to 64 Years)

Bioactive Metabolites of the Stem Bark of Strychnos aff. darienensis and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and UV Protection Activity in Human Skin Cell Cultures

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