Toxicological Significance of Metallothionein

Webb, M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-6784-9_6

Cited by 97 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…MT may be involved in the detoxification of heavy metals (19) and may also play a role in the storage, transport, absorption, excretion and homeostasis of heavy metals in the tissue (3). It also has a high affinity for zinc and copper (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cancer cells were slightly positive for immunoreactive MT and some tumor cells showed a strong positive staining. Metallothionein (MT), which is an intracellular metalloprotein of low molecular weight (6000-7000 daltons) of a high content of cystinyl residues (33%) and a high affinity for heavy metal ions, such as zinc, copper, cadmium, mercury and silver (1,3), is believed to play physiological roles in the storage and transport of essential metals (3) as well as detoxification of toxic metals (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metallothionein in the Human Breast.

Suzuki

Nakajima

Kawaharada

et al. 1993

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallothionein in the Human Breast.

Suzuki

Nakajima

Kawaharada

et al. 1993

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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“…218 The Lens Opacities CaseControl Study found multivitamin supplements and/or higher levels of dietary antioxidant index to be protective for all types of cataract, 129,130 and higher plasma levels of vitamin E were inversely related to risk of nuclear opacities in the Longitudinal Study of Cataract. 128 Oxidative damage has also been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, as the trabecular meshwork is exposed to high levels of oxidative stress arising from aerobic metabolism, high aqueous concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and photochemical reactions in the anterior segment.…”

Section: Aging and Ocular Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Beatty

Koh²,

Phil

et al. 2000

Survey of Ophthalmology

1,755

1,347

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Abstract. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blind registration in the developed world, and yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Oxidative stress, which refers to cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), has been implicated in many disease processes, especially age-related disorders. ROIs include free radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen, and they are often the byproducts of oxygen metabolism. The retina is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress because of its high consumption of oxygen, its high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and its exposure to visible light. In vitro studies have consistently shown that photochemical retinal injury is attributable to oxidative stress and that the antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E protect against this type of injury. Furthermore, there is strong evidence suggesting that lipofuscin is derived, at least in part, from oxidatively damaged photoreceptor outer segments and that it is itself a photoreactive substance. However, the relationships between dietary and serum levels of the antioxidant vitamins and age-related macular disease are less clear, although a protective effect of high plasma concentrations of ␣ -tocopherol has been convincingly demonstrated. Macular pigment is also believed to limit retinal oxidative damage by absorbing incoming blue light and/or quenching ROIs. Many putative risk-factors for AMD have been linked to a lack of macular pigment, including female gender, lens density, tobacco use, light iris color, and reduced visual sensitivity. Moreover, the Eye Disease Case-Control Study found that high plasma levels of lutein and zeaxanthin were associated with reduced risk of neovascular AMD. The concept that AMD can be attributed to cumulative oxidative stress is enticing, but remains unproven. With a view to reducing oxidative damage, the effect of nutritional antioxidant supplements on the onset and natural course of age-related macular disease is currently being evaluated. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blind registration in the western world, 119 and its prevalence is likely to rise as a consequence of increasing longevity. 225 There is a general consensus that cumulative oxidative damage is responsible for aging, and may, therefore, play an important role in the pathogenesis of AMD. In this article, we review the literature germane to oxidative processes in the retina and examine the evidence for a causal link between oxidative stress and age-related macular degeneration.

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“…2,3 If the free radical theory of aging is applied to the eye, an altered antioxidant/oxidant balance should be evident for age-related ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataract, and glaucoma. 4 All of the studies investigating the relation between POAG, oxidant stress, and antioxidant systems were carried out at the tissue level. We could not find any study concerning systemic antioxidant enzyme level in published reports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of oxidative stress enzymes in open-angle glaucoma

Yıldırım

Ateş

Ercan

et al. 2004

Eye

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Purpose To investigate the role of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Materials and methods The activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), and the levels of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 40 (15 men and 25 women) patients with POAG and 60 (30 men and 30 women) healthy controls. Results There was no significant difference in the activities of CAT and MPO between the POAG patients and the controls. However, the plasma MDA level was significantly higher in patients than the controls. Conclusion The results of this preliminary study suggest that the possible alterations of plasma MDA levels may be associated with the pathogenesis of POAG, but further research is needed to understand the role of oxidative damage in this important disorder of aging.

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Toxicological Significance of Metallothionein

Cited by 97 publications

References 167 publications

Metallothionein in the Human Breast.

Metallothionein in the Human Breast.

The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Role of oxidative stress enzymes in open-angle glaucoma

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