Toxicity studies on tetrasul III. Short-term comparative studies in rats with tetrasul and structurally related acaricides

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to Hexachlorobenzene as undesirable substance in animal feed

“…The steady state was reached in pigs on the lower dose rates, but not for those receiving the rations containing 10 mg/kg feed. In other experiments performed in pigs exposed to dietary levels of HCB ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg feed (Verschuuren et al, 1973;Wit et al, 1973), the accumulation ratio was estimated to range from 8 to 11 (as compared with 0.3 for lindane, 2 for dieldrin, 3 for alpha-HCH and 5 for DDT).…”

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to Hexachlorobenzene as undesirable substance in animal feed

“…The steady state was reached in pigs on the lower dose rates, but not for those receiving the rations containing 10 mg/kg feed. In other experiments performed in pigs exposed to dietary levels of HCB ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg feed (Verschuuren et al, 1973;Wit et al, 1973), the accumulation ratio was estimated to range from 8 to 11 (as compared with 0.3 for lindane, 2 for dieldrin, 3 for alpha-HCH and 5 for DDT).…”

Polychlorinated Diphenyl Sulfides: An Emerging Class of Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Substances in the Environment

“…Increased liver and thyroid weights were observed in rats after a 90-day exposure to 2,4,4',5-tetra-CDPS, and the LOAEL values were 200 and 1000 mg/kg diet, respectively (Verschuuren et al 1973b).…”

“…Taken together, these data demonstrate that PCDPSs undergo generally similar biotransformation pathways in different organisms. In addition, the detection of hydroxylated and methoxylated metabolites of PCDPSs in certain test organisms suggests that PCDPSs share several similar metabolism pathways with Verschuuren et al (1973aVerschuuren et al ( , 1973bVerschuuren et al ( , 1973c 11 PBDEs. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the detailed biotransformation mechanisms of PCDPSs in living organisms, and evaluate the risks of the resulting metabolites to human and ecosystem health.…”

“…Taken together, these data demonstrate that PCDPSs undergo generally similar biotransformation pathways in different organisms. In addition, the detection of hydroxylated and methoxylated metabolites of PCDPSs in certain test organisms suggests that PCDPSs share several similar metabolism pathways with Verschuuren et al (1973aVerschuuren et al ( , 1973bVerschuuren et al ( , 1973c 11 congeners a Kunming mouse (Mus musculus) Including DPS, 4-mono-CDPS, 2,4′-di-CDPS, 2,2′,4-tri-CDPS, 2,2′,3-tri-CDPS, 2,2′,3′,4-tetra-CDPS, 2,2′,3′,5-tetra-CDPS, 2,4,4′,5-tetra-CDPS, 2,2′, 3′,4,2,3,3′,4,5,and 2,2′,3,3′,4,5, Including DPS, 3-mono-CDPS, 2,3-di-CDPS, 2,2′,4-tri-CDPS, 2,2′,3′,5-tetra-CDPS, 2,2′,3,3′-tetra-CDPS, 2,4,4′,5-tetra-CDPS, 2,2′,3′,6-tetra-CDPS, 2,4,4′,5,5′-penta-CDPS, 2,3,3′,4,5,6-hexa-CDPS, 2,2′,3,3′,4,5,6-hepta-CDPS, and 2,2′,3,4,5,5′,6-hepta-CDPS.…”

“…A wide range of toxicological studies have been carried out to evaluate the adverse effects of PCDPSs in different test organisms (Verschuuren et al 1973a(Verschuuren et al , 1973b(Verschuuren et al , 1973cKopponen et al 1994;Li et al 2012;Zhang X et al 2012;Zhang J et al 2016;Fang et al 2018;Zhang R et al 2018aZhang R et al , 2018b. As listed in Table 3, in general, earlier studies indicated that oral exposure to 2,4,4′,5-tetra-CDPS could cause moderate toxicity in 6 animal species, including mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, mini-pigs, and chickens (Verschuuren et al 1973a(Verschuuren et al , 1973c.…”

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to Hexachlorobenzene as undesirable substance in animal feed

“…The steady state was reached in pigs on the lower dose rates, but not for those receiving the rations containing 10 mg/kg feed. In other experiments performed in pigs exposed to dietary levels of HCB ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg feed (Verschuuren et al, 1973;Wit et al, 1973), the accumulation ratio was estimated to range from 8 to 11 (as compared with 0.3 for lindane, 2 for dieldrin, 3 for alpha-HCH and 5 for DDT).…”

Polychlorinated Diphenyl Sulfides: An Emerging Class of Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Substances in the Environment

“…Increased liver and thyroid weights were observed in rats after a 90-day exposure to 2,4,4',5-tetra-CDPS, and the LOAEL values were 200 and 1000 mg/kg diet, respectively (Verschuuren et al 1973b).…”

“…Taken together, these data demonstrate that PCDPSs undergo generally similar biotransformation pathways in different organisms. In addition, the detection of hydroxylated and methoxylated metabolites of PCDPSs in certain test organisms suggests that PCDPSs share several similar metabolism pathways with Verschuuren et al (1973aVerschuuren et al ( , 1973bVerschuuren et al ( , 1973c 11 PBDEs. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the detailed biotransformation mechanisms of PCDPSs in living organisms, and evaluate the risks of the resulting metabolites to human and ecosystem health.…”

“…Taken together, these data demonstrate that PCDPSs undergo generally similar biotransformation pathways in different organisms. In addition, the detection of hydroxylated and methoxylated metabolites of PCDPSs in certain test organisms suggests that PCDPSs share several similar metabolism pathways with Verschuuren et al (1973aVerschuuren et al ( , 1973bVerschuuren et al ( , 1973c 11 congeners a Kunming mouse (Mus musculus) Including DPS, 4-mono-CDPS, 2,4′-di-CDPS, 2,2′,4-tri-CDPS, 2,2′,3-tri-CDPS, 2,2′,3′,4-tetra-CDPS, 2,2′,3′,5-tetra-CDPS, 2,4,4′,5-tetra-CDPS, 2,2′, 3′,4,2,3,3′,4,5,and 2,2′,3,3′,4,5, Including DPS, 3-mono-CDPS, 2,3-di-CDPS, 2,2′,4-tri-CDPS, 2,2′,3′,5-tetra-CDPS, 2,2′,3,3′-tetra-CDPS, 2,4,4′,5-tetra-CDPS, 2,2′,3′,6-tetra-CDPS, 2,4,4′,5,5′-penta-CDPS, 2,3,3′,4,5,6-hexa-CDPS, 2,2′,3,3′,4,5,6-hepta-CDPS, and 2,2′,3,4,5,5′,6-hepta-CDPS.…”

“…A wide range of toxicological studies have been carried out to evaluate the adverse effects of PCDPSs in different test organisms (Verschuuren et al 1973a(Verschuuren et al , 1973b(Verschuuren et al , 1973cKopponen et al 1994;Li et al 2012;Zhang X et al 2012;Zhang J et al 2016;Fang et al 2018;Zhang R et al 2018aZhang R et al , 2018b. As listed in Table 3, in general, earlier studies indicated that oral exposure to 2,4,4′,5-tetra-CDPS could cause moderate toxicity in 6 animal species, including mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, mini-pigs, and chickens (Verschuuren et al 1973a(Verschuuren et al , 1973c.…”

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to Hexachlorobenzene as undesirable substance in animal feed

“…The steady state was reached in pigs on the lower dose rates, but not for those receiving the rations containing 10 mg/kg feed. In other experiments performed in pigs exposed to dietary levels of HCB ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg feed (Verschuuren et al, 1973;Wit et al, 1973), the accumulation ratio was estimated to range from 8 to 11 (as compared with 0.3 for lindane, 2 for dieldrin, 3 for alpha-HCH and 5 for DDT).…”

Polychlorinated Diphenyl Sulfides: An Emerging Class of Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Substances in the Environment

“…Increased liver and thyroid weights were observed in rats after a 90-day exposure to 2,4,4',5-tetra-CDPS, and the LOAEL values were 200 and 1000 mg/kg diet, respectively (Verschuuren et al 1973b).…”

“…Taken together, these data demonstrate that PCDPSs undergo generally similar biotransformation pathways in different organisms. In addition, the detection of hydroxylated and methoxylated metabolites of PCDPSs in certain test organisms suggests that PCDPSs share several similar metabolism pathways with Verschuuren et al (1973aVerschuuren et al ( , 1973bVerschuuren et al ( , 1973c 11 PBDEs. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the detailed biotransformation mechanisms of PCDPSs in living organisms, and evaluate the risks of the resulting metabolites to human and ecosystem health.…”

“…Taken together, these data demonstrate that PCDPSs undergo generally similar biotransformation pathways in different organisms. In addition, the detection of hydroxylated and methoxylated metabolites of PCDPSs in certain test organisms suggests that PCDPSs share several similar metabolism pathways with Verschuuren et al (1973aVerschuuren et al ( , 1973bVerschuuren et al ( , 1973c 11 congeners a Kunming mouse (Mus musculus) Including DPS, 4-mono-CDPS, 2,4′-di-CDPS, 2,2′,4-tri-CDPS, 2,2′,3-tri-CDPS, 2,2′,3′,4-tetra-CDPS, 2,2′,3′,5-tetra-CDPS, 2,4,4′,5-tetra-CDPS, 2,2′, 3′,4,2,3,3′,4,5,and 2,2′,3,3′,4,5, Including DPS, 3-mono-CDPS, 2,3-di-CDPS, 2,2′,4-tri-CDPS, 2,2′,3′,5-tetra-CDPS, 2,2′,3,3′-tetra-CDPS, 2,4,4′,5-tetra-CDPS, 2,2′,3′,6-tetra-CDPS, 2,4,4′,5,5′-penta-CDPS, 2,3,3′,4,5,6-hexa-CDPS, 2,2′,3,3′,4,5,6-hepta-CDPS, and 2,2′,3,4,5,5′,6-hepta-CDPS.…”

“…A wide range of toxicological studies have been carried out to evaluate the adverse effects of PCDPSs in different test organisms (Verschuuren et al 1973a(Verschuuren et al , 1973b(Verschuuren et al , 1973cKopponen et al 1994;Li et al 2012;Zhang X et al 2012;Zhang J et al 2016;Fang et al 2018;Zhang R et al 2018aZhang R et al , 2018b. As listed in Table 3, in general, earlier studies indicated that oral exposure to 2,4,4′,5-tetra-CDPS could cause moderate toxicity in 6 animal species, including mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, mini-pigs, and chickens (Verschuuren et al 1973a(Verschuuren et al , 1973c.…”