Toxicity of the dithiocarbamate fungicide Mancozeb to the nontarget soil nematode,Caenorhabditis elegans

The effects of organic pesticides on inner membrane permeability in Escherichia coli ML35

“…We have previously also found that mancozeb is a much better inducer of hsp-16-regulated reporter expression than maneb in a transgenic nematode strain (Guven et al, 1999;Easton et al, 2001). Easton et al (2001) also indicated that mancozeb itself seemed much more toxic than its metabolic end-products (ethylene thiourea, Mn and Zn), inducing a strong heat shock response in transgenic nematodes. Mancozeb induced a strong heat shock response only after prolonged exposure, indicating a slow rate of fungicide uptake in nematodes.…”

“…Their use has increasingly been associated with genotoxic, teratogenic, and cytotoxic effects (Espigares et al, 1998;Vettorazzi et al, 1995;Guven et al, 1998Guven et al, , 1999. It has also been shown that they have demonstrable adverse effects on several nontarget organisms, including nematodes (Guven et al, 1999;Easton et al, 2001), protozoans (Bonnemain and Dive, 1990), and some soil microbial populations (Pozo et al, 1994), as well as on enzyme biosynthesis in E. coli and Bacillus subtilis (Guven et al, 2003). It has also been found that dithiocarbamates show relatively low toxicity in bacterial growth-inhibition and acetylcholine esteraseinhibition assays (Espigares et al, 1998).…”

The effects of organic pesticides on inner membrane permeability in Escherichia coli ML35

“…We have previously also found that mancozeb is a much better inducer of hsp-16-regulated reporter expression than maneb in a transgenic nematode strain (Guven et al, 1999;Easton et al, 2001). Easton et al (2001) also indicated that mancozeb itself seemed much more toxic than its metabolic end-products (ethylene thiourea, Mn and Zn), inducing a strong heat shock response in transgenic nematodes. Mancozeb induced a strong heat shock response only after prolonged exposure, indicating a slow rate of fungicide uptake in nematodes.…”

“…Their use has increasingly been associated with genotoxic, teratogenic, and cytotoxic effects (Espigares et al, 1998;Vettorazzi et al, 1995;Guven et al, 1998Guven et al, , 1999. It has also been shown that they have demonstrable adverse effects on several nontarget organisms, including nematodes (Guven et al, 1999;Easton et al, 2001), protozoans (Bonnemain and Dive, 1990), and some soil microbial populations (Pozo et al, 1994), as well as on enzyme biosynthesis in E. coli and Bacillus subtilis (Guven et al, 2003). It has also been found that dithiocarbamates show relatively low toxicity in bacterial growth-inhibition and acetylcholine esteraseinhibition assays (Espigares et al, 1998).…”

Use of the Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans to Elucidate Neurotoxic and Behavioral Effects of Commercial Fungicides

“…While dopaminergic neurons were most sensitive to fungicide exposure [33,56], other neuron groups, including serotonergic [33], glutamatergic and GABA neurons [50,61] exhibited morphological damage. Vulnerability to neurodegenerative effects varies depending on the dose of fungicide, duration of exposure and time of life of exposure [25,33].…”

Induction of Heat Shock Proteins and Antioxidant Enzymes in 2,3,7,8-TCDD-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

“…Additionally, prolonged toxicity by 2,3,7,8-TCDD depleted Hsp levels, but recovered to normal levels following a reduction in 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity. Another possibility for the decrease in Hsp expression could be related to threshold limits in the cell [20,21]. …”

The effects of organic pesticides on inner membrane permeability in Escherichia coli ML35

“…We have previously also found that mancozeb is a much better inducer of hsp-16-regulated reporter expression than maneb in a transgenic nematode strain (Guven et al, 1999;Easton et al, 2001). Easton et al (2001) also indicated that mancozeb itself seemed much more toxic than its metabolic end-products (ethylene thiourea, Mn and Zn), inducing a strong heat shock response in transgenic nematodes. Mancozeb induced a strong heat shock response only after prolonged exposure, indicating a slow rate of fungicide uptake in nematodes.…”

“…Their use has increasingly been associated with genotoxic, teratogenic, and cytotoxic effects (Espigares et al, 1998;Vettorazzi et al, 1995;Guven et al, 1998Guven et al, , 1999. It has also been shown that they have demonstrable adverse effects on several nontarget organisms, including nematodes (Guven et al, 1999;Easton et al, 2001), protozoans (Bonnemain and Dive, 1990), and some soil microbial populations (Pozo et al, 1994), as well as on enzyme biosynthesis in E. coli and Bacillus subtilis (Guven et al, 2003). It has also been found that dithiocarbamates show relatively low toxicity in bacterial growth-inhibition and acetylcholine esteraseinhibition assays (Espigares et al, 1998).…”

Use of the Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans to Elucidate Neurotoxic and Behavioral Effects of Commercial Fungicides

“…While dopaminergic neurons were most sensitive to fungicide exposure [33,56], other neuron groups, including serotonergic [33], glutamatergic and GABA neurons [50,61] exhibited morphological damage. Vulnerability to neurodegenerative effects varies depending on the dose of fungicide, duration of exposure and time of life of exposure [25,33].…”

Induction of Heat Shock Proteins and Antioxidant Enzymes in 2,3,7,8-TCDD-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

“…Additionally, prolonged toxicity by 2,3,7,8-TCDD depleted Hsp levels, but recovered to normal levels following a reduction in 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity. Another possibility for the decrease in Hsp expression could be related to threshold limits in the cell [20,21]. …”

The effects of organic pesticides on inner membrane permeability in Escherichia coli ML35

“…We have previously also found that mancozeb is a much better inducer of hsp-16-regulated reporter expression than maneb in a transgenic nematode strain (Guven et al, 1999;Easton et al, 2001). Easton et al (2001) also indicated that mancozeb itself seemed much more toxic than its metabolic end-products (ethylene thiourea, Mn and Zn), inducing a strong heat shock response in transgenic nematodes. Mancozeb induced a strong heat shock response only after prolonged exposure, indicating a slow rate of fungicide uptake in nematodes.…”

“…Their use has increasingly been associated with genotoxic, teratogenic, and cytotoxic effects (Espigares et al, 1998;Vettorazzi et al, 1995;Guven et al, 1998Guven et al, , 1999. It has also been shown that they have demonstrable adverse effects on several nontarget organisms, including nematodes (Guven et al, 1999;Easton et al, 2001), protozoans (Bonnemain and Dive, 1990), and some soil microbial populations (Pozo et al, 1994), as well as on enzyme biosynthesis in E. coli and Bacillus subtilis (Guven et al, 2003). It has also been found that dithiocarbamates show relatively low toxicity in bacterial growth-inhibition and acetylcholine esteraseinhibition assays (Espigares et al, 1998).…”

Use of the Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans to Elucidate Neurotoxic and Behavioral Effects of Commercial Fungicides

“…While dopaminergic neurons were most sensitive to fungicide exposure [33,56], other neuron groups, including serotonergic [33], glutamatergic and GABA neurons [50,61] exhibited morphological damage. Vulnerability to neurodegenerative effects varies depending on the dose of fungicide, duration of exposure and time of life of exposure [25,33].…”

Induction of Heat Shock Proteins and Antioxidant Enzymes in 2,3,7,8-TCDD-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

“…Additionally, prolonged toxicity by 2,3,7,8-TCDD depleted Hsp levels, but recovered to normal levels following a reduction in 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity. Another possibility for the decrease in Hsp expression could be related to threshold limits in the cell [20,21]. …”