Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungal culture filtrate of lowland and highland soil of South Sumatra (Indonesia) against Spodoptera litura larvae

Abstract

Abstract. Gustianingtyas M, Herlinda S, Suwandi, Suparman, Hamidson H, Hasbi, Setiawan A, Verawaty M, Elfita, Arsi. 2020. Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungal culture filtrate of lowland and highland soil of South Sumatra against Spodoptera litura larvae. Biodiversitas 21: 1839-1849. The use of secondary fungal metabolites for the active ingredient of mycoinsecticide is more effective and more easily integrated with other pest control techniques. This study aimed to measure the toxicity of the culture filtrate of entomopathogenic fungi originating from South Sumatra against the Spodoptera litura larvae. Beauveria bassiana (25 isolates) and Metarhizium anisopliae (20 isolates) of South Sumatra were cultured in liquid media and filtered to produce culture filtrate. The larvae which were sick due to the filtrate showed the symptoms of decreased appetite and were not actively moving, while the dead larvae were characterized by being wrinkled, dry, black integument, and odorless. Mortality caused by B. bassiana filtrate was the highest 98% (BJgTs isolate) and not significantly different from the BSwTd2 isolate (94.67%). Yet, the LT50 BSwTd2 isolate was shorter (5.92 days) compared to the LT50 BJgTs isolate (6.35 days). The most toxic M. anisopliae filtrate produced the mortality of 96% (MKbTp2 isolate) and 85.33% (MPdB isolate) each of which had LT50 of 7.36 days and 8.09 days, respectively. So, the most toxic culture filtrate was BSwTd2 isolate of B. bassiana and MKbTp2 isolate of M. anisopliae. The entomopathogenic fungi producing filtrate which are toxic have the potential to be active ingredients of mycoinsecticides.

Diversity of endophytic fungi in Syzygium aqueum

“…Color change in the samples indicated that secondary metabolite compounds had been formed. As a comparison, 300ml of the PDB medium was placed into a separate 1L bottle along with secondary metabolites, which had been partitioned in ethyl acetate and extracted via evaporation (Elfita et al 2019;Gustianingtyas et al 2020). The concentrated extracts were used for antimicrobial assay.…”

Exploring entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) soil and their pathogenicity against a new invasive maize pest, Spodoptera frugiperda

“…The larvae that were infected and death caused by the fungi in this study showed the symptoms of his body got dried, shriveled, smaller, and odorless, while the integument was covered by mycelia and conidia resembling yellowish-white flour mixed with dark green similar to the symptoms described by Thaochan and Sausa-Ard (Thaochan and Sausa-Ard 2017). The symptoms of the infected insects due to the entomopathogenic fungal infections vary depending on favorable environmental conditions, for example, relative humidity higher than 62% (Gutiérrez-Cárdenas et al 2019), then the mycelia and mature conidia can grow well and cover the entire body of the insect, and the condition of unfavorable mycelia and conidia does not appear (El-Ghany 2015). Metarhizium had been reported to be effective against Aphis craccivora (Mweke et al 2019), Spodoptera litura (Gustianingtyas et al 2020), and Sitophilus oryzae (Kavallieratos et al 2015).…”

“…The soil which is a fungal habitat during the saprophytic phase has high entomopathogenic fungi inoculum potential, especially those close to plant roots (Safitri et al 2018) and is effective in killing the insect pests (Ayudya et al 2019;Sumikarsih et al 2019;Gustianingtyas et al 2020). Research results from other countries show the high pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi from soil in controlling S. frugiperda population.…”

“…In India, the S. frugiperda were attacked by Nomuraea rileyi (Shylesha et al 2018). In addition to killing the larvae, the B. bassiana and M. anisopliae can kill the S. frugiperda eggs (Akutse et al 2019) and adults (Gutiérrez-Cárdenas et al 2019). In Cuba, endophytic B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were found to be pathogenic to S. frugiperda larvae (Ramos et al 2020).…”

Impact of mycoinsecticides and abamectin applications on species diversity and abundance of aquatic insects in rice fields of freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia

“…Entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) are the most commonly used bioinsecticides (Prabawati et al 2019). B. bassiana and M. anisopliae are widely used because they are easily found in freshwater swamps (Herlinda et al 2018b;Safitri et al 2018;Gustianingtyas et al 2020). and able to kill important insect pests such as brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) (Sumikarsih et al 2019) and Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Ayudya et al 2019).…”