Toxicity of canavanine in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) roots is due to alterations in RNS, ROS and auxin levels

Krasuska, Urszula; Andrzejczak, Olga; Staszek, Paweł; Borucki, Wojciech; Gniazdowska, Agnieszka

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.005

Cited by 25 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Rapid increase in H 2 O 2 level after R5 treatment (about 50% higher compared to control) represents the typical reaction to allelochemicals since the similar effect was annotated after application of numerous other allelochemicals (Soltys et al 2011(Soltys et al , 2014Guan et al 2014;Krasuska et al 2016;Andrzejczak et al 2018). Different increments of H 2 O 2 roots and shoots content could be explained by differential activation of enzymatic antioxidant defense system, observed in wheat shoot and root in the previous study (Dmitrović et al 2015a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Physiological and cell ultrastructure disturbances in wheat seedlings generated by Chenopodium murale hairy root exudate

et al. 2018

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Chenopodium murale L. is an invasive weed species significantly interfering with wheat crop. However, the complete nature of its allelopathic influence on crops is not yet fully understood. In the present study, the focus is made on establishing the relation between plant morphophysiological changes and oxidative stress, induced by allelopathic extract. Phytotoxic medium of C. murale hairy root clone R5 reduced the germination rate (24% less than control value) of wheat cv. Nataša seeds, as well as seedling growth, diminishing shoot and root length significantly, decreased total chlorophyll content, and induced abnormal root gravitropism. The R5 treatment caused cellular structural abnormalities, reflecting on the root and leaf cell shape and organization. These abnormalities mostly included the increased number of mitochondria and reorganization of the vacuolar compartment, changes in nucleus shape, and chloroplast organization and distribution. The most significant structural changes were observed in cell wall in the form of amoeboid protrusions and folds leading to its irregular shape. These structural alterations were accompanied by an oxidative stress in tissues of treated wheat seedlings, reflected as increased level of HO and other ROS molecules, an increase of radical scavenging capacity and total phenolic content. Accordingly, the retardation of wheat seedling growth by C. murale allelochemicals may represent a consequence of complex activity involving both cell structure alteration and physiological processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Physiological and cell ultrastructure disturbances in wheat seedlings generated by Chenopodium murale hairy root exudate

et al. 2018

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“…The concentration of H 2 O 2 was determined according to Krasuska et al (2016). Samples of leaves c. 100 mg were homogenized in cooled 0.1% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid (TCA).…”

Section: Measurement Of Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of phytoglobin in barley alters both compatible and incompatible interactions with the mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis

et al. 2018

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This study showed how barley plants can be shifted in their response to isolates of the mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis with different host adaptation by overexpression of the barley phytoglobin gene HvHb1. At early infection stages, plants overexpressing phytoglobin (GPHb1) showed less papilla formation and more hypersensitive response against both virulent and avirulent pathogen isolates compared to the wildtype (WT) plants. The shift was most pronounced in a wheat‐adapted isolate (B. graminis f. sp. tritici). At later infection stages, GPHb1 plants infected with a virulent pathogen isolate (A6) showed less leaf chlorosis compared to the WT plants, indicating delayed senescence. The chlorophyll level was significantly higher in A6‐infected GPHb1 plants 9 days after inoculation (dai) and the senescence indicators sphingosine‐1‐phosphate:ceramide ratio and phytol content confirmed delayed senescence. At 14 dai the percentage of fungal DNA was significantly higher on the GPHb1 plants than on WT plants, probably as a result of the delayed senescence. The results show that overexpression of phytoglobin (previously known as plant haemoglobin) can be an important tool to understand disease‐related stress effects in plants of agronomic importance and for understanding basic resistance mechanisms. Studying this process in more detail may provide insights into how to alleviate stress‐related senescence in plants.

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“…Treatment of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings with CAN (10 μM) for 24 or 72 h led to 50% inhibition of root growth, while the application of CAN at higher concentration (50 μM) entirely inhibited root elongation, but had no lethal effect, although no recovery was observed after seedlings transfer to Arg or water ( Krasuska et al, 2016 ). CAN treatment did not lead to DNA fragmentation, but resulted in slight enhancement in RNA content, accompanied by 20% enlargement in total protein level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CAN treatment did not lead to DNA fragmentation, but resulted in slight enhancement in RNA content, accompanied by 20% enlargement in total protein level. Preliminary data indicated that prolonged culture of tomato seedlings in CAN solution increased accumulation of ROS (

and H 2 O 2 ) in tomato root tips detected by tissue staining with NBT or DAB ( Krasuska et al, 2016 ). CAN inhibited also NO emission and transiently enhanced ONOO - production in root tips of tomato seedlings, suggesting its direct impact on NO biosynthetic pathway ( Krasuska et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canavanine Alters ROS/RNS Level and Leads to Post-translational Modification of Proteins in Roots of Tomato Seedlings

et al. 2016

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Canavanine (CAN), a structural analog of arginine (Arg), is used as a selective inhibitor of inducible NOS in mammals. CAN is incorporated into proteins’ structure in the place of Arg, leading to the formation of aberrant compounds. This non-protein amino acid is found in legumes, e.g., Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. or Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br. and acts as a strong toxin against herbivores or plants. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings were treated for 24–72 h with CAN (10 or 50 μM) inhibiting root growth by 50 or 100%, without lethal effect. We determined ROS level/production in root extracts, fluorescence of DAF-FM and APF derivatives corresponding to RNS level in roots of tomato seedlings and linked CAN-induced restriction of root growth to the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins: carbonylation and nitration. Both PTMs are stable markers of nitro-oxidative stress, regarded as the plant’s secondary response to phytotoxins. CAN enhanced H2O2 content and superoxide radicals generation in extracts of tomato roots and stimulated formation of protein carbonyl groups. An elevated level of carbonylated proteins was characteristic for the plants after 72 h of the culture, mainly for the roots exposed to 10 μM CAN. The proteolytic activity was stimulated by tested non-protein amino acid. CAN treatment led to decline of fluorescence of DAF-FM derivatives, and transiently stimulated fluorescence of APF derivatives. Short-term exposure of tomato seedlings to CAN lowered the protein nitration level. Activity of peroxidase, polyamine oxidase and NADPH oxidase, enzymes acting as modulators of H2O2 concentration and governing root architecture and growth were determined. Activities of all enzymes were stimulated by CAN, but no strict CAN concentration dependence was observed. We conclude, that although CAN treatment led to a decline in the nitric oxide level, PTMs observed in roots of plants exposed to CAN are linked rather to the formation of carbonyl groups than to nitration, and are detected particularly after 24 h. Thus, oxidative stress and oxidative modifications of proteins seems to be of significant importance in the rapid response of plants to CAN.

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Toxicity of canavanine in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) roots is due to alterations in RNS, ROS and auxin levels

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Physiological and cell ultrastructure disturbances in wheat seedlings generated by Chenopodium murale hairy root exudate

Physiological and cell ultrastructure disturbances in wheat seedlings generated by Chenopodium murale hairy root exudate

Overexpression of phytoglobin in barley alters both compatible and incompatible interactions with the mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis

Canavanine Alters ROS/RNS Level and Leads to Post-translational Modification of Proteins in Roots of Tomato Seedlings

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