Toxic Effects of Fumonisins, Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone Alone and in Combination in Ducks Fed the Maximum EUTolerated Level

Peillod, Céline; Laborde, Marie; Travel, Angélique; Mika, A.; Bailly, Jean‐Denis; Cleva, Didier; Boissieu, Cyril; Guennec, Jean Le; Albaric, Olivier; Labrut, Sophie; Froment, Pascal; Tardieu, Didier; Guerre, Philippe

doi:10.3390/toxins13020152

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The absence of an effect of interactions among fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone on the sphingoid bases in turkeys is in agreement with the results of studies of the Sa:So ratio in broilers and in ducks [ 74 , 75 ]. A study on broilers fed deoxynivalenol and fumonisins at doses of 1.5 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, also revealed no interaction on the Sa:So ratio [ 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Targeted Analysis of Sphingolipids in Turkeys Fed Fusariotoxins: First Evidence of Key Changes That Could Help Explain Their Relative Resistance to Fumonisin Toxicity

Guerre

Travel

Tardieu

2022

IJMS

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The effects of fumonisins on sphingolipids in turkeys are unknown, except for the increased sphinganine to sphingosine ratio (Sa:So) used as a biomarker. Fumonisins fed at 20.2 mg/kg for 14 days were responsible for a 4.4 fold increase in the Sa:So ratio and a decrease of 33% and 36% in C14-C16 ceramides and C14-C16 sphingomyelins, respectively, whereas C18-C26 ceramides and C18-C26 sphingomyelins remained unaffected or were increased. Glucosyl- and lactosyl-ceramides paralleled the concentrations of ceramides. Fumonisins also increased dihydroceramides but had no effect on deoxysphinganine. A partial least squfares discriminant analysis revealed that all changes in sphingolipids were important in explaining the effect of fumonisins. Because deoxynivalenol and zearalenone are often found in feed, their effects on sphingolipids alone and in combination with fumonisins were investigated. Feeding 5.12 mg deoxynivalenol/kg reduced dihydroceramides in the liver. Zearalenone fed at 0.47 mg/kg had no effect on sphingolipids. When fusariotoxins were fed simultaneously, the effects on sphingolipids were similar to those observed in turkeys fed fumonisins alone. The concentration of fumonisin B1 in the liver of turkeys fed fumonisins was 0.06 µmol/kg. Changes in sphingolipid concentrations differed but were consistent with the IC50 of fumonisin B1 measured in mammals; these changes could explain the relative resistance of turkeys to fumonisins.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Targeted Analysis of Sphingolipids in Turkeys Fed Fusariotoxins: First Evidence of Key Changes That Could Help Explain Their Relative Resistance to Fumonisin Toxicity

Guerre

Travel

Tardieu

2022

IJMS

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“…At the moment, there is no EU guidance level for ZEN in poultry compound feed. The calculated levels of ZEN were 0.46 and 0.50 mg/kg in the experimental starter and grower diets, respectively, and feeding diets with similar dietary concentrations of the toxin did not result in clinical signs of ducks [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Supplementation in Ducks Fed Mycotoxin-Contaminated Diets

Bencze-Nagy

Strifler

Horváth

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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The medicinal plant milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been widely used due to its hepatoprotective properties. The main objective of our study was to investigate the health protective effects of dietary milk thistle seed (MS), oil (MO), and seed cake (MSC) in ducks fed diets naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON; 3.43–3.72 mg/kg feed) and zearalenone (ZEN; 0.46–0.50 mg/kg feed). Female White Hungarian ducks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments consisting of the control diet (C), the control diet supplemented with 0.5% MS, 0.5% MSC, or 0.1% MO. The feeding of experimental diets did not result in mortality cases, clinical signs of mycotoxicosis, or in differences of clinical chemistry values of blood serum. The positive effect of MO on vacuolar hepatocyte degeneration exceeded that of the MSC on d14 and both MS and MSC on d42. Each treatment was equally effective in the decrease of the severity of solitary cell death and infiltration of lympho- and histiocytes in the liver on d28 as well as in the prevention of lymphocyte depletion in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius on d14. In conclusion, the applied treatments have been proven effective in the prevention of histopathological changes caused by DON and ZEN.

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“…In Peillod et al. ( 2021 ), 75 84‐day‐old male mule ducks were allocated into five groups and orally exposed to mycotoxins. Fifteen ducks received a capsule of DON (equivalent to 5 mg/kg feed) during the meal for 12 days, while control birds were administered with mycotoxin‐free capsules.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of deoxynivalenol for horses and poultry

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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In 2017, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed. No observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) and lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) were derived for different animal species. For horses, an NOAEL of 36 mg DON/kg feed was established, the highest concentration tested and not showing adverse effects. For poultry, an NOAEL of 5 mg DON/kg feed for broiler chickens and laying hens, and an NOAEL of 7 mg DON/kg feed for ducks and turkeys was derived. The European Commission requested EFSA to review the information regarding the toxicity of DON for horses and poultry and to revise, if necessary, the established reference points (RPs). Adverse effect levels of 1.9 and 1.7 mg DON/kg feed for, respectively, broiler chickens and turkeys were derived from reassessment of existing studies and newly available literature, showing that DON causes effects on the intestines, in particular the jejunum, with a decreased villus height but also histological damage. An RP for adverse animal health effects of 0.6 mg/kg feed for broiler chickens and turkeys, respectively, was established. For horses, an adverse effect level of 5.6 mg DON/kg feed was established from studies showing reduced feed intake, with an RP for adverse animal health effects of 3.5 mg/kg feed. For ducks and laying hens, RPs remain unchanged. Based on mean and P95 (UB) exposure estimates performed in the previous Opinion, the risk of adverse health effects of feeds containing DON was considered a potential concern for broiler chickens and turkeys. For horses, the risk for adverse health effects from feed containing DON is low.

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Toxic Effects of Fumonisins, Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone Alone and in Combination in Ducks Fed the Maximum EUTolerated Level

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

Targeted Analysis of Sphingolipids in Turkeys Fed Fusariotoxins: First Evidence of Key Changes That Could Help Explain Their Relative Resistance to Fumonisin Toxicity

Targeted Analysis of Sphingolipids in Turkeys Fed Fusariotoxins: First Evidence of Key Changes That Could Help Explain Their Relative Resistance to Fumonisin Toxicity

Effects of Dietary Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Supplementation in Ducks Fed Mycotoxin-Contaminated Diets

Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of deoxynivalenol for horses and poultry

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