Towards the Teaching of Motor Skills as a System of Growing Complexity

Corrêa, Umberto César; Correia, Walter Roberto; Tani, Go

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27577-2_6

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…total and relative times have long been used for assessing different dimensions of movement patterns, including inferring the role of the central nervous system on the variable (parameterization) and invariant (structure) aspects of movement patterns [32][33][34][35]. In the present study, both variable and invariant dimensions were assumed as levels of a single structure, that is, a complex system of hierarchical organization [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…macro-and microscopic) of a system (e.g. arm stroke), as well as the meaning of both in the performance as hallmarks of motor skill [15][16][17][18][19]. It is worth mentioning that, although arm stroke coordination (index of coordination [Idc]), SL, and Sr play an important role in the crawl swimming performance [1,6,13,14], they do not stand for the complementarity of different levels of variability (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…thus, variability of components themselves is responsible for pattern flexibility (i.e. parameterization) [15][16][17][18]. In this hierarchical adaptive system view of motor skills, the pattern consistency and component variability as dimensions of motor skills have been referred to as macro-and microstructures, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is ill-defined, variable, and disorderoriented. Absolute movement time and muscle group selection are some of the measures of microstructure [15][16][17][18][19]. For instance, the arm stroke emerges from the interaction between 4 main movement components: (a) right arm aerial phase; (b) right arm aquatic phase; (c) left arm aerial phase; and (d) left arm aquatic phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The hierarchical organization of arm stroke in a 400-m freestyle swimming race

Freudenheim¹,

Madureira²,

Corrêa³

2021

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. Arm stroke is a key variable of successful performance in front crawl swimming. In the present study, the effects of the arm stroke on the front crawl swimming performance were analysed by considering the complementarity of macroconsistency and micro-variability in the arm stroke as a hierarchically organized adaptive system. In this case, consistency is necessary to achieve outcomes reliably, and variability is fundamental for coping with environmental instability. Methods. Displacements of swimmers (n = 31) who competed in the 400-m freestyle race of the Paulista Master championship were captured in 4 moments (partial races 1-4). From the aerial and aquatic phases of the left and right arm strokes, macrostructure (components' relative timing) and microstructure (components' overall time) had their variability rates cal cu lated for all partial races on the basis of the biological coefficients of variation. Results. It was revealed that swimmers: (i) increased consistency of macrostructure related to the left arm aerial phase stroke in the final race; (ii) maintained consistency of microstructure across races; and (iii) presented macrostructure with inferior rate of variability to the microstructure in the final race. Conclusions. Given these results, coaches should emphasize instruction for swimmers to maintain the temporal relationship among arm stroke components (macrostructure) rather than focus on the components themselves (microstructure).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The hierarchical organization of arm stroke in a 400-m freestyle swimming race

Freudenheim¹,

Madureira²,

Corrêa³

2021

Hum Mov.

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“…see Tani et al, 2014). One could say that the main differential of this model is that it explains acquisition not only as a process of functional pattern formation, but also as a process of pattern transformation (Barros, Tani, & Corrêa, 2017;Corrêa, Correia, & Tani, 2016;De Paula Pinheiro, Marques, Tani, & Corrêa, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice Schedules and Hierarchical Organization in the Adaptive Process of Motor Learning

Souza

2020

Eur. J. Hum. Mov.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different practice schedules on the hierarchical organization of motor skills in the adaptive process. Forty volunteers, both men and women, with an average age of 28.7 years (SD ± 8.1) took part in the experiment. The design consisted of two phases (stabilization and adaptation) and four practice groups: constant; constant−random; random; and random−constant. Participants performed 90 trials of golf putting strokes in the stabilization phase and 30 trials in the adaptation phase. Hierarchical or ganization was accessed by measures of macrostructure (relative displacement and timing) and microstructure (total displacement and time). Cluster analyses were run to infer the emergence of movement patterns over practice. Results showed that constant, ra ndom and random-constant groups altered macro and microstructure and improved performance in the stabilization phase. However, their performance worsened after perturbation. It was also verified that consistency of the macrostructure was lower than that of the microstructure. It was concluded that constant, random and random−constant practices made possible the partial formation of the macro and microstructures, since they did not become functional.

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Revealing the decision-making of dribbling in the sport of futsal

Corrêa

Pinho

Silva

et al. 2016

Journal of Sports Sciences

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This study aimed to investigate why futsal players decide to dribble. For this purpose, we analysed 396 trials comprising the dribbles (n = 132), passes (n = 131) or shots (n = 133), performed by 70 male futsal players. Passing and shooting angles, and interpersonal distance, including their rates of change (velocity and variability), were regarded as measures of interpersonal coordination tendency and a comparison was made among dribbling, passing and shooting situations. In addition, the variables identified as constraints on deciding to dribble were analysed in relation to age categories, dribbling outcomes and futsal court zone. Results revealed that passing and shooting angles, and interpersonal distance showed higher variability in dribbling than in passing and shooting situations. The findings allowed us to conclude that decision-making on dribbling was influenced by the variabilities of passing angles as well as shooting and interpersonal distance, and that success in dribbling was affected by the variability of interpersonal distance. Such variabilities were interpreted concerning their meaning of risk and/or uncertainty in the execution of motor skills.

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Towards the Teaching of Motor Skills as a System of Growing Complexity

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

The hierarchical organization of arm stroke in a 400-m freestyle swimming race

The hierarchical organization of arm stroke in a 400-m freestyle swimming race

Practice Schedules and Hierarchical Organization in the Adaptive Process of Motor Learning

Revealing the decision-making of dribbling in the sport of futsal

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