Towards inferring earthquake patterns from geodetic observations of interseismic coupling

Kaneko, Yoshihiro; Avouac, Jean Philippe; Lapusta, N.

doi:10.1038/ngeo843

Cited by 339 publications

(416 citation statements)

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“…These approaches have successfully reproduced a rich spectrum of earthquake and slow-slip-related behaviour (Liu & Rice 2005;Lapusta & Liu 2009) or spatial, temporal variations of seismic slip evolution on seismogenic faults (Lapusta et al 2000;Kato 2004;Kaneko et al 2010;Kato 2014) and fast velocity-weakening (Ampuero & Ben-Zion 2008) demonstrating the strengths of the strategies applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To discretize in time, implicit methods have already been employed on a few occasions (Pelties et al 2014) and in addition to adaptivity (Liu & Rice 2005), a physically motivated step size control has seen repeated use (Lapusta et al 2000;Lapusta & Liu 2009;Kaneko et al 2010;Barbot et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past developments involving rate-and-state friction include the use of boundary element methods which are well-suited for homogeneous problems (Perrin et al 1995;Lapusta et al 2000;Lapusta & Liu 2009;Kaneko et al 2010;Barbot et al 2012), spectral elements (Kaneko et al 2008) and discontinuous Galerkin for a regularized model (Pelties et al 2014) as spatial discretization schemes. To discretize in time, implicit methods have already been employed on a few occasions (Pelties et al 2014) and in addition to adaptivity (Liu & Rice 2005), a physically motivated step size control has seen repeated use (Lapusta et al 2000;Lapusta & Liu 2009;Kaneko et al 2010;Barbot et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the efficient and reliable numerical solution of rate-and-state friction problems

et al. 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the efficient and reliable numerical solution of rate-and-state friction problems

et al. 2016

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“…These models can only be applied conceptually to nature. instability, statistics Seismotectonic scale models (elasto-viscoplastic solids and fluids with similarity to prototype) Megathrust Gelatine Corbi et al (2013) Van Dinther et al (2013a, b), Herrendörfer et al (2015), Kaneko et al (2010) Rupture dynamics, seismic cycle Megathrust Rubber/granular /silicone Rosenau et al ( , 2010, Oncken (2009) Pipping et al (2016), Kaneko et al (2010) Seismotectonic evolution, seismic cycle, statistics, tsunami genesis Megathrust…”

Section: Experimental Approaches Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

2017

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Abstract. Earth deformation is a multi-scale process ranging from seconds (seismic deformation) to millions of years (tectonic deformation). Bridging short-and long-term deformation and developing seismotectonic models has been a challenge in experimental tectonics for more than a century. Since the formulation of Reid's elastic rebound theory 100 years ago, laboratory mechanical models combining frictional and elastic elements have been used to study the dynamics of earthquakes. In the last decade, with the advent of high-resolution monitoring techniques and new rock analogue materials, laboratory earthquake experiments have evolved from simple spring-slider models to scaled analogue models. This evolution was accomplished by advances in seismology and geodesy along with relatively frequent occurrences of large earthquakes in the past decade. This coincidence has significantly increased the quality and quantity of relevant observations in nature and triggered a new understanding of earthquake dynamics. We review here the developments in analogue earthquake modelling with a focus on those seismotectonic scale models that are directly comparable to observational data on short to long timescales. We lay out the basics of analogue modelling, namely scaling, materials and monitoring, as applied in seismotectonic modelling. An overview of applications highlights the contributions of analogue earthquake models in bridging timescales of observations including earthquake statistics, rupture dynamics, ground motion, and seismic-cycle deformation up to seismotectonic evolution.

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“…From only intermediate locking the Iquique segment appears to have been dominated by mostly smaller locked asperities embedded in a conditionally stable environment assuming rate and state frictional behavior is controlling locking and creep [22][23][24] . Progressive rupturing of the smaller asperities by foreshocks will have loaded the remaining larger asperities in this zone until their subsequent failure: this evolution may be seen as the culmination of a run-away process as the likely key mechanism leading up to the Iquique earthquake.…”

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Gradual unlocking of plate boundary controlled initiation of the 2014 Iquique earthquake

Schurr

Asch

Hainzl

et al. 2014

Nature

311

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Several major earthquakes (Mw>7) have occurred in this gap since 1850 (Fig. 1); the largest until now was the Mw 7.7 Tocopilla earthquake in 2007, which broke the southern rim of this segment beneath and north of Mejillones Peninsula along a total length of 150 km. Only the downdip end of the locked zone slipped in this event, and the total slip in the rupture area was less than 2.6 m 6,7 leaving most of the past slip deficit of c. 8-9 m accumulated since 1877 3 approaches. First, we performed waveform modelling of local strong motion seismograms and teleseismic body waves to constrain the kinematic development of the rupture towards the final displacement in a joint inversion with continuous GPS data of static displacements (Fig. 1, 2a). Second, we use the backprojection technique applied to stations in North America to map the radiation of high frequency seismic waves (HFSR; 1-4 Hz) 9,10 . The latter technique is not sensitive to absolute slip amplitudes, but rather to changes in slip and rupture velocity.During the first 35-40s the rupture propagated downdip with increasing velocity, nearly reaching the coastline (Fig. 2a,b). Surprisingly, towards the end of the rupture, the area near the epicenter was reactivated. In spite of the relatively complicated kinematic history of the rupture the cumulative slip shows a simple 'bull's eye' pattern with a peak coseismic slip of (Fig. 3a). The Iquique main shock nucleated at the 4 northwestern border of a locked patch and ruptured towards its center (Fig. 2a, 3a). The downdip end of the main shock as well as for the large Mw 7.6 aftershock rupture mapped both by the HFSR and co-seismic slip agrees quite accurately with the downdip end interseismic coupling (Fig. 2a,c 3a). The accelerated downdip rupture propagation for both earthquakes closely followed the gradient towards higher locking. Therefore, the Iquique event and its largest aftershock appear to have broken the central, only partly locked segment of the Northern Chile Southern Peru seismic gap releasing part of the slip deficit accumulated here since 1877 (cf. Fig. 1).The seismicity before the Iquique earthquake also concentrates in this zone of intermediate locking at the fringe of the highly locked -high slip patch (Fig. 3a). Starting in July 2013, three foreshock clusters with increasingly larger peak magnitudes and cumulative seismic moment occurred here (Fig. 2c, 3a,c). The mainshock rupture started at the northern end of the foreshock zone, inside the region of intermediate locking (Fig. 2c, 3a). Interestingly, the second foreshock cluster (January 2014) is associated with a weak transient deformation, whereas the third cluster (March 2014) shows a very distinct transient signal. GPS displacement vectors calculated over the times spanning these foreshock clusters point towards the cluster epicentres (Extended Data Figure 4). Deformation for both transients is entirely explained by the cumulative coseismic displacement of the respective foreshock clusters (Fig. 3d inset, Extended Data Figure 4). The ar...

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Towards inferring earthquake patterns from geodetic observations of interseismic coupling

Cited by 339 publications

References 46 publications

On the efficient and reliable numerical solution of rate-and-state friction problems

On the efficient and reliable numerical solution of rate-and-state friction problems

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

Gradual unlocking of plate boundary controlled initiation of the 2014 Iquique earthquake

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