Towards improving energy efficiency regulations of bulk carriers

Abstract

The introduction of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) caused an upsurge in activities for increasing the energy efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions of new vessel designs. However, application of the EEDI is not expected to further advance future design improvements partly owing to the fact the majority of the newbuildings already comply with EEDI requirements and particularly since EEDI only considers a single operating point. In addition, the EEDI does not effectively assess a realistic improvement of measures for increasing the ship operating energy efficiency as they can be quite effective in the considered operating point for the EEDI but their performance greatly varies in the real operating conditions. In this study, a more realistic definition of the EEDI is proposed, which is based on a number of representative vessel operating points. The application of the proposed approach for the case of bulk carriers is investigated and the results are discussed in order to reveal its advantages against the currently used approach. The proposed approach can be employed by IMO for improving the energy efficiency regulatory framework

Application of the Design of Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics to Bow Design Improvement

“…Figure 2 shows a Box-Behnken design with three variables. 2 factorial experiments (Adopted from Reference [12], have got the permission from Elsevier).…”

“…The effect of ship size on the EEDI requirements for large container ships was elaborated on by Vladimir et al [1]. Ancic et al [2] proposed an approach in the EEDI definition for bulk carriers which would provide a fair basis for the comparison of different ships and encourage the application of innovative energy efficient technologies.…”

Machine learning and data-driven fault detection for ship systems operations

“…A factor that influences the performance of the global fleet is the physical condition of its vessels and their systems and machinery. Detecting developing ship systems' faults, and taking rectifying actions before any major failure is an effective way of mitigating environmental and safety risks (Ančić et al, 2018).…”

A Comparative Analysis of EEDI Versus Lifetime CO2 Emissions

“…The implementation of the EEDI in different ship types was investigated in a number of studies. A more realistic formulation of the EEDI that considers multiple operating points instead of a design speed was proposed and investigated for bulk carriers in [15]. The analysis of the EEDI formula for a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) carrier was presented in [16,17], concluding that the EEDI is inadequate to promote improvements on the LNG carriers design.…”