Towards high-performance poly(<scp>l</scp>-lactide)/elastomer blends with tunable interfacial adhesion and matrix crystallization via constructing stereocomplex crystallites at the interface

Bai, Hongwei; Bai, Dongyu; Xiu, Hao; Liu, Huili; Zhang, Qin; Wang, Ke; Deng, Hua; Chen, Feng; Fu, Qiang; Chiu, Fu-Chien

doi:10.1039/c4ra08823a

Cited by 55 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The lowered Tan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 A good interface is quite important to achieve the desired mechanical properties of polymer blends. It is reported that a DCP-induced reactive blending could initiate the in-situ interfacial compatibilization 29,30,[41][42][43] . FT-IR spectra of the residues from DCM-extracted dynamically vulcanized PLA/ENR blends are shown in Figure 8a.…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and The Shape Memory Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased Heat-Triggered Shape-Memory Polymers Based on Polylactide/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blend System Fabricated via Peroxide-Induced Dynamic Vulcanization: Co-continuous Phase Structure, Shape Memory Behavior, and Interfacial Compatibilization

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A biobased heat-triggered shape memory polymer (HSMP) consisting of polylactide (PLA) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was fabricated by peroxide-induced dynamic vulcanization. The crosslinked ENR phase exhibits a continuous net-like structure embedded in the PLA phase, which is different from conventional plastic/rubber system having typically "sea-island" morphology in which vulcanized rubber particles dispersed in plastic matrix. In-situ interfacial compatibilization was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The shape recovery ratios of the PLA/ENR HSMPs were significantly improved over 90%, compared to that (60~70%) of PLA. The shape fixing and memorizing capability of PLA/ENR HSMPs was realized by the glass transition of PLA phase: crosslinked ENR continuous phase at rubbery state offered strong recovery driving force, improved interface provided effective stress-transferring during shape recovery and PLA continuous phase served as a "control-switch" for recovery. The biobased PLA/ENR HSMP could serve as a promising alternative to the traditional materials for intelligent biomedical devices.

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Section: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and The Shape Memory Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased Heat-Triggered Shape-Memory Polymers Based on Polylactide/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blend System Fabricated via Peroxide-Induced Dynamic Vulcanization: Co-continuous Phase Structure, Shape Memory Behavior, and Interfacial Compatibilization

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Other reactive polyethylene copolymers have been used, such as ethylene‐ co ‐methacrylic ionomers , maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene , and ethylene‐ co ‐vinyl alcohol , but EGMA remains the primary method due to rapid kinetics and reasonable cost. PLA has been toughened using a reactive compatibilization system of LLDPE and EGMA, achieving the best toughness with around 20 wt% additives . Evidence of this reaction was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 1 H NMR, droplet size, and rheology, leading to improved extension at break (up to 200%) and Charpy impact strength (up to 70 kJ/m 2 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This led to an impressive 50‐fold increase in Charpy notched impact strength with the incorporation of 20 wt% EMA‐GMA and 0.2 wt% dimethylstearylamine (DMSA) catalyst over neat PLA, and a ∼threefold increase over the analogous uncatalyzed blend . Bai et al also blended EMA‐GMA with PLA in the presence of DMSA catalyst, successfully creating EMA‐g‐PLA with high conversion . Faster, catalyzed reactions may preclude the necessity of high functional polymer loadings or long processing times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening polylactide with a catalyzed epoxy‐acid interfacial reaction

Thurber

Myers

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Polylactide (PLA) is a promising material, with favorable modulus, renewable sources, and biodegradability. However, its low extension at break (4–7%) and toughness (notched Izod, 26 J/m) limit its applications (Anderson et al., Polym. Rev., 48, 85 (2008)). PLA toughening has been the subject of recent reviews, and is the basis for several commercial products. This work aims to increase PLA toughness using rubbery, linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), glycidyl methacrylate functional PE compatibilizer (EGMA), and novel catalysts that promote copolymer formation at the interface of immiscible blends of PLA and EGMA/LLDPE. Droplet size was reduced from 2.7 µm to 1.7 µm with addition of 5 wt% EGMA, and further to 1.0 µm with the addition of cobalt octoate catalyst. Extension at break of 200% is achieved with only 5 wt% EGMA, 15 wt% LLDPE, and 0.01 M cobalt octoate, leading to an increase in tensile toughness of over an order of magnitude (compared to neat PLA). This work demonstrates that catalysts can reduce the amount of reactive compatibilizer necessary to achieve a given PLA toughness. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:28–36, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…All the blending inevitably results in an undesirable decrease in originally poor heat resistance of PLLA due to the absence of strong heterogeneous nucleating effect of these tougheners on PLLA matrix crystallization. 17,[24][25][26]28,30 Reactive blending is one of the most simple and robust strategy to substantially improve the compatibility of the blends based on the in situ formation of block/gra copolymers at their immiscible interfaces, which can markedly suppress particle coalescence and enhance interfacial adhesion. 12,28,29 Very interestingly, Oyama 12 observed that annealing (at 90 C for 2.5 h) induced PLLA matrix crystallization can not only greatly enhance the heat resistance of PLLA/EGMA blends but also give rise to a notable improvement in the notched impact strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereocomplex crystallites induce simultaneous enhancement in impact toughness and heat resistance of injection-molded polylactide/polyurethane blends

et al. 2016

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Despite its attractiveness as an "green" substitute for conventional petroleum-based polymers, the current application of plant-derived biodegradable poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) in many fields has been greatly limited by its inherent brittleness and poor heat resistance. Herein, taking thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) toughened PLLA as an example, we report a facile and promising strategy for the fabrication of supertoughened and heat-resistant PLLA/elastomer blends by incorporating small amounts (e.g., 2.5 wt%) of poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) into the blends through melt-blending and subsequent injection molding. The incorporated PDLA chains can readily collaborate with neighboring PLLA matrix chains during the meltblending process to co-crystallize into stereocomplex (sc) crystallites in the PLLA matrix of the blend melts. Thus, these sc crystallites can behave as a highly efficient nucleating agent to significantly accelerate matrix crystallization, allowing for the preparation of PLLA blends with a highly crystallized PLLA matrix using practical injection molding. The highly crystallized matrix can provide the PLLA/TPU blends with dramatically improved impact toughness and heat resistance as compared with the amorphous one. Meanwhile, the role of these sc crystallites as a rheology modifier to induce the unexpected morphological change from the dispersed TPU phase from the sea-island structure to the unique network-like structure with a much higher toughening efficiency is also observed.

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Towards high-performance poly(l-lactide)/elastomer blends with tunable interfacial adhesion and matrix crystallization via constructing stereocomplex crystallites at the interface

Abstract: Preparing super-tough and heat-resistant PLLA/elastomer blends by constructing stereocomplex crystallites at the interface to simultaneously tailor interface and matrix properties.

Cited by 55 publications

References 51 publications

Biobased Heat-Triggered Shape-Memory Polymers Based on Polylactide/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blend System Fabricated via Peroxide-Induced Dynamic Vulcanization: Co-continuous Phase Structure, Shape Memory Behavior, and Interfacial Compatibilization

Biobased Heat-Triggered Shape-Memory Polymers Based on Polylactide/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blend System Fabricated via Peroxide-Induced Dynamic Vulcanization: Co-continuous Phase Structure, Shape Memory Behavior, and Interfacial Compatibilization

Toughening polylactide with a catalyzed epoxy‐acid interfacial reaction

Stereocomplex crystallites induce simultaneous enhancement in impact toughness and heat resistance of injection-molded polylactide/polyurethane blends

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