“…This trend is paired with increasing funding opportunities for academic research to improve development outcomes (Newman et al, 2012; Mach et al, 2020; Toukan, 2021) in many parts of the world. For example, in the United Kingdom, the Global Challenges Research fund allocated £1.5 billion to development research between 2016 and 2021 to support research that addressed the challenges faced by developing countries and identify ‘pathways to impact’ to ensure the developing countries benefit from the research (McKay, 2021). In the United States, the Higher Education Solutions Network (HESN 1.0) program allocated $140.5 million to leverage science, technology, and innovation to solve development challenges from 2012 to 2017 (Lebrón et al, 2014; Lebrón et al, 2014), recognizing that ‘higher education institutions play a critical role by spurring innovations to solve global development problems’ (Moore et al, 2021).…”