“…The baseflow index represents the baseflow component of streamflow, which is critical for regulating seasonal distribution of river flows, and is associated with climatic and physiographic (e.g. soil type, geology, topography, and vegetation) characteristics of the basin (Beck et al 2013, Mohammed and Scholz 2018, Singh et al 2019. Baseflow, or the baseflow index, is crucial to develop appropriate water resources management strategies, such as aquatic ecosystem preservation, hydropower generation, and low-flow forecasting (Beck et al 2013, Singh et al 2019.…”