Towards a standardised surveillance for Trichinella in the European Union

Alban, Lis; Pozio, Edoardo; Boes, Jaap; Boireau, Pascal; Boué, Franck; Claes, Marleen; Cook, A. J. C.; Dorny, Pierre; Enemark, HL; Giessen, Joke van der; Hunt, KR; Howell, Mary; Kirjušina, Muza; Nöckler, Karsten; Rossi, P.; Smith, Graham C.; Snow, L. C.; Taylor, MA; Théodoropoulos, Georgios; Vallée, Isabelle; Viera-Pinto, MM; Zimmer, IA

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.02.008

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Trichinella was also reported from badgers, jackals, lynx, martens, polecats, white-tailed eagles, rats, wolves and wolverines. The increasing number of wild boars and red foxes and the spread of the raccoon dog from eastern to western Europe may increase the prevalence of Trichinella circulating among wild animals (Alban et al, 2011). Therefore, it is important to continue educating hunters and others eating wild game about the risk of eating undercooked game meat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2013

Journal¹

2015

EFSA Journal

612

163

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This report of the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2013 in 32 European countries (28 Member States and four non-Member States). Campylobacteriosis was the most commonly reported zoonosis. After several years of an increasing European Union (EU) trend, the human campylobacteriosis notification rate has stabilised. In food and animals no EU trends were observed and the occurrence of Campylobacter continued to be high in broiler meat at EU level. The decreasing EU trend in confirmed human salmonellosis cases observed in recent years continued. Most Member States met their Salmonella reduction targets for poultry. In foodstuffs, the reported EU-level Salmonella non-compliance in fresh poultry meat decreased. Human listeriosis increased further, showing an increasing EU trend in [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013]. In ready-to-eat foods Listeria was seldom detected above the legal safety limit. Also during 2009-2013, a decreasing EU trend was observed in confirmed yersiniosis cases. Positive findings for Yersinia were mainly reported in pig meat and products thereof. The number of confirmed verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infections in humans increased. VTEC was reported from food and animals. A total of 5,196 food-borne outbreaks, including waterborne outbreaks, were reported in the EU. Most food-borne outbreaks were caused by Salmonella, followed by viruses, bacterial toxins and Campylobacter, whereas in 28.9 % of all outbreaks the causative agent was unknown. Important food vehicles in strong-evidence food-borne outbreaks were eggs and egg products, followed by mixed food, and fish and fish products. The report further summarises trends and sources along the food chain of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis, Brucella, Trichinella, Echinococcus, Toxoplasma, rabies, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) of findings from Croatia, who reported data for the first time in 2013. Campylobacter was also detected in turkey meat at moderate level and in other foods at low to very low levels. AnimalsThe majority of the tested broilers were reported by the Nordic countries, where the Campylobacter prevalence in broilers is generally at a low to moderate level due to control programmes. Overall, Campylobacter was found in 29.6 % of the tested slaughter batches, 15.1 % of the tested flocks and 30.4 % of the tested animals. The prevalence in the investigations varied greatly between MS. Campylobacter food-borne outbreaksIn 2013, 414 Campylobacter outbreaks were reported, of which 32 were strong-evidence outbreaks. The sources of these strong-evidence outbreaks were, in decreasing order of importance, broiler meat and products thereof; other, mixed or unspecified poultry meat and products thereof, and milk and mixed food. Salmonella HumansIn 2013, a total of 82,694 confirmed salmonellosis cases were reported by 27 EU MS, resulting in an EU notification rate of 20.4 cases per 100,000 popula...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2013

Journal¹

2015

EFSA Journal

612

163

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“…However, this is likely to be an exaggeration as the cost estimate for inspection by pooled sample digestion is 0.15€ per pig (Kapel, 2005) and with 167 million pigs slaughtered per year, this would mean that costs could be in the region of €25 million per annum. The majority of EU countries (16 of 25 reporting data from slaughtered pigs; Alban et al, 2011) (Hinz, 1991) but clearly the factors that promoted transmission of Trichinella to pigs are no longer present making the present programme redundant. Similarly in the USA, where most pork is intensively produced with very low risk of Trichinella infection, there are also very few cases of human trichinellosis (Davies, 2011).…”

Section: Trichinella Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

One world health: Socioeconomic burden and parasitic disease control priorities

Torgerson¹

2013

Veterinary Parasitology

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Parasitic diseases present a considerable socio-economic impact to society. Zoonotic parasites can result in a considerable burden of disease in humans and substantive economic losses to livestock populations. Ameliorating the effects of these diseases may consist of attempts at eradicating specific diseases at a global level, eliminating them at a national or local level or controlling the disease to minimise incidence. Alternatively with some parasitic zoonoses it may only be possible to treat human and animal cases as they arise. The choice of approach will be determined by the potential effectiveness of a disease control programme, its cost and the cost effectiveness or cost benefit of undertaking the intervention. Furthermore human disease burden is being increasingly measured by egalitarian nonfinancial measures which do not sit comfortably with measurements of economic costs in livestock.This adds additional challenges to assessing socio-economic burdens of zoonotic diseases. Using examples from the group of neglected zoonotic diseases, information regarding the socio-economic effects of these diseases are reviewed and the use of this information in decision making with regard to control and treatment of these diseases is discussed.

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“…In China, the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) is in charge of risk management and the Chinese Food Safety Agency (CFSA) evaluates the risk for foodborne pathogens and contaminants in food. The EFSA supports several scientific opinions on the management of foodborne zoonotic parasites, including Trichinella (Alban et al, 2011), Cysticercus (Dorny et al, 2009b), Echinococcus , Sarcocystis Toxoplasma (EFSA, 2007). An EFSA report on the definition of the geographic area with negligible risk for Trichinella allowed the European DirectorateGeneral for Health and Consumers Affairs (DG SANCO) to write the new regulations on foodborne parasites in 2005 (2075) (EFSA, 2005).…”

Section: Regulations and Veterinary Services (Competent Authority): Rmentioning

confidence: 80%

The role of regulatory and standard-setting organizations in the control of neglected foodborne parasites

Boireau

Vallée

Gajadhar

et al. 2015

Foodborne Parasites in the Food Supply Web

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Towards a standardised surveillance for Trichinella in the European Union

Cited by 59 publications

References 29 publications

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2013

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2013

One world health: Socioeconomic burden and parasitic disease control priorities

The role of regulatory and standard-setting organizations in the control of neglected foodborne parasites

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