Towards a general growth model for graphene CVD on transition metal catalysts

Cabrero-Vilatela, Andrea; Weatherup, Robert S.; Braeuninger‐Weimer, Philipp; Caneva, Sabina; Hofmann, Stephan

doi:10.1039/c5nr06873h

Cited by 121 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…The suitability of a given metal template will depend on its catalytic efficiency to induce graphitisation compared to its self-diffusivity at the given CVD temperature. Hence the temperature instabilities of sub-micron unit cell structures can be similarly addressed for metals that in those respects show a similar behaviour to Ni, 37 such as Co, 43 or for metals, that require higher growth temperatures but have lower self-diffusivities, such as Pt. [44][45][46] For metals, such as Cu, that require higher temperatures for graphene growth and have high self-diffusivities (3 orders of magnitude higher for Cu than Ni at 900 °C), 47,48 successfully applying our approach may be more challenging.…”

Section: Fig 3 (A) Raman Spectra Of: Graphene On a 500 Nm Thick Ni mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical vapour deposition of freestanding sub-60 nm graphene gyroids

Cebo

Aria

Dolan

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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The direct chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of freestanding graphene gyroids with controlled sub-60 nm unit cell sizes is demonstrated. Three-dimensional (3D) nickel templates were fabricated through electrodeposition into a selectively voided triblock terpolymer. The high temperature instability of sub-micron unit cell structures was effectively addressed through the early introduction of carbon precursor, which stabilizes the metallized gyroidal templates. The as-grown graphene gyroids are self-supporting and can be transferred onto a variety of substrates. Furthermore they represent the smallest free standing graphene 3D structures yet produced with a pore size of tens of nm, as analysed by electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. We discuss the generality of our methodology for the synthesis of other types of nanoscale, 3D graphene assemblies and the transferability of this approach to other 2D materials.

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Section: Fig 3 (A) Raman Spectra Of: Graphene On a 500 Nm Thick Ni mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical vapour deposition of freestanding sub-60 nm graphene gyroids

Cebo

Aria

Dolan

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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“…In this process, a carbon bearing molecular precursor is decomposed at the surface of a catalyst to deliver carbon and feed the carbon network 1,6,7 . In case of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), many applications require to control their synthesis at the nanoscale level to take advantage of their chirality-dependent properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the role of carbon solubility in transition metal catalyzing single-walled carbon nanotubes growth

Aguiar-Hualde

Magnin

Amara

et al. 2017

Carbon

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Metal catalysts supporting the growth of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes display different carbon solubilities and chemical reactivities. In order to specifically assess the role of carbon solubility, we take advantage of the physical transparency of a tight binding model established for Ni-C alloys, to develop metal carbon models where all properties, except carbon solubility, are similar. These models are used to analyze carbon incorporation mechanisms, modifications of metal / carbon wall interfacial properties induced thereby, and the associated nanotube growth mechanisms. Fine tuning carbon solubility is shown to be essential to support sustainable growth, preventing growth termination by either nanoparticle encapsulation or detachment.

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“…These carbon species then will diffuse on the metal surface which leads to the supersaturation of carbon atoms as portrayed by a metal-carbon solubility diagram in Fig. 1a [28]. The supersaturation happens when the solvus line was either horizontally crossed as carbon content increases at constant temperature under continuous hydrocarbon feed (isothermal growth) or vertically crossed at certain carbon concentration during cooling process which leads to reduction in carbon solubility (precipitation/segregation).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Graphene Growth Via Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review on the contributions of chemical and physical factors toward the nucleation and growth of large-area graphene

et al. 2018

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Since the first isolation of graphene over a decade ago, research into graphene has exponentially increased due to its excellent electrical, optical, mechanical and chemical properties. Graphene has been shown to enhance the performance of various electronic devices. In addition, graphene can be simply produced through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Although the synthesis of graphene has been widely researched, especially for CVD growth method, the lack of understanding on various synthetic parameters still limits the fabrication of large-area and defect-free graphene films. This report critically reviews various parameters affecting the quality of CVD-grown graphene to understand the relationship between these parameters and the choice of metal substrates and to provide a point of reference for future studies of large-area, CVD-grown graphene.

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Towards a general growth model for graphene CVD on transition metal catalysts

Abstract: A first-order model for graphene CVD on transition metal catalysts that combines kinetic and thermodynamic considerations is developed and experimentally verified.

Cited by 121 publications

References 69 publications

Chemical vapour deposition of freestanding sub-60 nm graphene gyroids

Chemical vapour deposition of freestanding sub-60 nm graphene gyroids

Probing the role of carbon solubility in transition metal catalyzing single-walled carbon nanotubes growth

A critical review on the contributions of chemical and physical factors toward the nucleation and growth of large-area graphene

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