Towards a Dual-mode Adaptive MAC Protocol (DMA-MAC) for Feedback-based Networked Control Systems

Somappa, Admar Ajith Kumar; Øvsthus, Knut; Kristensen, Lars Michael

doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.07.056

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In addition, the authors do not conserve the consistency between the models. In [11]- [13], the authors present an approach for developing the DMAMAC protocol proposed in [11]. In [12], the authors design the protocol with an abstract formal model (TA), and then they implement it in NesC language.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks Code Generation from Formal Specification

Houhou¹,

Kahloul²,

Benharzallah³

et al. 2017

Computer Science &Amp; Information Technology (CS &Amp; IT)

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(as Automata, Petri nets, algebra, logics, etc.) were largely used in the specification of these protocols, their analysis and their verification. After that, their implementation is an important phase to deploy, test and use those protocols in real environments. The main objective of the current paper is to formalize the transformation from high-level specification (in Timed Automata) to low-level implementation (in NesC language and TinyOs system) and to automate such transformation. The proposed transformation approach defines a set of rules thatallow the passage between these two levels. We implemented our solution and we illustrated the proposed approach on a protocol case study for the "humidity" and "temperature" sensing in WSNs applications.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks Code Generation from Formal Specification

Houhou¹,

Kahloul²,

Benharzallah³

et al. 2017

Computer Science &Amp; Information Technology (CS &Amp; IT)

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“…In [13], we proposed the Dual-Mode Adaptive Medium Access Control protocol (DMAMAC), designed to have two operational modes to cater for the two process control states. The protocol has a transient mode that supports the transient state, and a steady mode to support the steady state.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further benefit of the DMAMAC protocol is that it has reduced interference to other operations in the vicinity due to a low duty cycle in the steady state. Previously, in [13] we proposed a hybrid protocol based on a combination of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). In this article, we simulate this protocol to study the performance in comparison to the GinMAC protocol [15] which is a well-established protocol for industrial monitoring and control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this article, we simulate this protocol to study the performance in comparison to the GinMAC protocol [15] which is a well-established protocol for industrial monitoring and control. In addition, we develop and evaluate the performance of a new pure TDMA-based variant of DMAMAC (DMAMAC-TDMA) and compare it to the original DMAMAC protocol (DMAMAC-Hybrid) from [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Section 2 briefly introduces the design of the DMAMAC protocol and the related GinMAC protocol [15] which will serve as a baseline for comparison and design. The simulation setup based on the scenario in [13] is discussed in Sect. 3, along with the MiXiM [6] simulation model used.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simulation-based Evaluation of DMAMAC - A Dual-Mode Adaptive MAC Protocol for Process Control

Somappa

Kristensen²,

Øvsthus³

2015

Proceedings of the Eighth EAI International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques

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Control systems automation is widely used in many industrial domains and have strong requirements on delay, throughput, robustness, and reliability. In the domain of networked control systems, the medium of communication is increasingly involving wireless communication alongside conventional wired communication. Issues ranging from energy efficiency and reliability to low-bandwidth have to be addressed to enable the transition to increased use of wireless communication. In earlier work, we have proposed the Dual-Mode Adaptive MAC (DMAMAC) protocol relying on a combination of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). The DMAMAC protocol is able to dynamically adapt to the two main states found in process control: the steady state and the transient state. Key requirements to the DMAMAC protocol are energy efficiency, low probability of state-switch failures, and a low state-switch delay. The contribution of this paper is a comprehensive simulation-based evaluation of the original DMAMAC protocol along with the evaluation of a new pure TDMAbased variant of the DMAMAC protocol. Our results show that for processes where the steady state dominates, both variants of the DMAMAC protocol can reduce energy consumption by up to 45% in comparison to the closely related single-mode GinMAC protocol. Among the two variants of DMAMAC, the pure TDMA-based variant has the better energy efficiency and higher reliability. The simulation results also show that the hybrid TDMA-CSMA variant of the DMAMAC protocol has a probability of less than 0.3% for a state-switch failure in a given MAC superframe. The simulation study has impacted the design of the DMAMAC protocol by providing insights that have led to design changes in the originally proposed DMAMAC protocol in order to further reduce the state-switch delay between the steady and the transient state.

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Industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks in industry 4.0: Exploring requirements, protocols, and challenges—A MAC survey

Raza

Faheem

Guenes

2019

Int J Communication

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Summary The vision to connect everyday physical objects to the Internet promises to create the Internet of Things (IoT), which is expected to integrate the diverse technologies such as sensors, actuators, radio frequency identification, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. Thus, IoT promises to transfer traditional industry to advance digital industry known as the Industry 4.0. At the core of the Industry 4.0 are the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) that led to the development of industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) and industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks (IWSANs). These networks play a central role of connecting machines, parts, products, and humans and create a diverse set of new applications to support intelligent and autonomous decision making. The IWSAN is a promising technology for numerous industrial applications because of their several potential benefits such as simple deployment, low cost, less complexity, and mobility support. However, despite such benefits, they impose several unique challenges at different layers of the protocol stack when deploying them for various monitoring and control applications in the Industry 4.0. In this article, we explore IWSAN, its applications, requirements, challenges, and solutions in the context of industrial control applications. Our main focus is on the medium access control (MAC) layer that can be exploited to satisfy such requirements. Our discussion presents extensive background study of the MAC schemes and it reviews the MAC protocols of the existing wireless standards and technologies. A number of application‐specific MAC protocols developed to support industrial applications, which are not part of these standards, are also elaborated. We rationalize to what extent the existing standards and protocols help in solving such requirements as laid down by the Industry 4.0. In the end, we emphasize on existing challenges and present important future directions.

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Towards a Dual-mode Adaptive MAC Protocol (DMA-MAC) for Feedback-based Networked Control Systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks Code Generation from Formal Specification

Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks Code Generation from Formal Specification

Simulation-based Evaluation of DMAMAC - A Dual-Mode Adaptive MAC Protocol for Process Control

Industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks in industry 4.0: Exploring requirements, protocols, and challenges—A MAC survey

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