Toward understanding ethanol's capacity to be reinforcing: A conditioned place preference following injections of ethanol

Reid, Larry D.; Hunter, George A.; Beaman, Carol M.; Hubbell, Christopher L.

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(85)90051-6

Cited by 143 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…That is, prior exposure to EtOH facilitated subsequent expression of ethanol-mediated appetitive learning. This result is consistent with previous research suggesting that an initial acclimation to the taste and odor of the drug is needed to allow expression of positive unconditional effects of EtOH (Reid et al, 1985). It is possible that pups experienced pharmacological effects of the drug during pre-exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Infant and adults usually express conditioned aversions when stimuli are paired with ethanol (Pautassi et al, 2002). The expression of conditioned tactile preferences in prior studies has required prolonged pre-exposure to the pharmacological properties of EtOH (twenty days or more; Bienkowski et al, 1995;Reid et al, 1985). As stated, experience with the postabsorptive effects of EtOH during pre-exposure could have facilitated subsequent acquisition of the appetitive learning obtained in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…The relative preference/avoidance observed towards the texture originally paired with the drug infusion was considered as an index of the hedonic properties of intraoral EtOH. In light of previous studies suggesting that pre-exposure to ethanol affects later ethanolmediated learning Reid et al, 1985), pups were subjected to an initial phase where they were passively stimulated with i.o. ethanol or its vehicle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infant rats exhibit aversive learning mediated by ethanol's orosensory effects but are positively reinforced by ethanol's post-ingestive effects

Pautassi

Molina

Spear

2008

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Previous work suggests aversive and appetitive hedonic effects of intraorally delivered EtOH in preweanling rats. Pups are reluctant to perform an operant response when reinforced with intraoral EtOH infusions, a result suggesting aversive orosensory properties of EtOH. Yet, postabsorptive effects of ethanol seem capable of supporting appetitive conditioning. Two experiments were conducted to test this phenomenon. Both included a pre-exposure phase (postnatal day 13, PD13) comprising intraoral stimulation with water or EtOH. In Experiment 1, pups were given pairings between a tactile conditioned stimulus (CS) and intraoral infusions of EtOH or water. A subsequent tactile preference test revealed that pups spent significantly less on the EtOH-related CS relative to time spent on the alternative CS. In Experiment 2 pups were exposed to a texture CS (sandpaper) while intraorally infused with EtOH or during a later EtOH postinfusion interval. A tactile locational test conducted on PD16 indicated that EtOH-preexposed animals that experienced sandpaper paired with EtOH's postabsorptive effects exhibited a significant preference for the CS, even relative to a control group that experienced non-reinforced exposure to the tactile CS during conditioning. These results confirm that intraoral ethanol acts as an aversive tastant. A brief pre-exposure to EtOH allows later expression of appetitive learning mediated by the drug's postingestive effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Infant rats exhibit aversive learning mediated by ethanol's orosensory effects but are positively reinforced by ethanol's post-ingestive effects

Pautassi

Molina

Spear

2008

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…For example, most place-conditioning studies show no effects of low EtOH doses and conditioned place aversions at higher doses (18,19). A few studies have shown EtOH-induced CPP in rats with a history of pre-exposure to EtOH (6,20,21) or when the drug is combined with food (22,23) or morphine (20,24). Bozarth (1) reported place-preference without any EtOH pre-exposure after 15 drug-compartment pairings, suggesting that a longer conditioning period might be necessary to associate weak positive reinforcing properties of EtOH with a distinct compartment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, probably due to a more complex pharmacodynamic action of ethanol (EtOH) than of other addictive drugs, the demonstration of reinforcing effects of EtOH in animal models has been difficult to achieve (1,2). Thus, in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, which has been used widely to study the rewarding effects of various drugs of abuse (3)(4)(5), studies with ethanol have generated conflicting results (1,2,6). In this context, it is important to mention that an additional and prevalent notion holds that acute anti-anxiety actions of EtOH are important for the reinforcing properties of this drug.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental anxiety and the reinforcing effects of ethanol in rats

Blatt

Takahashi

1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

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In order to examine the relationship between anxiety and reinforcing effects of alcohol, drug-naive male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were classified as anxious and non-anxious in the elevated plusmaze test. A conditioned place preference test was then used to investigate the reinforcing effects of ethanol (EtOH) on these animals. On 2 alternate days, groups of anxious, non-anxious and normal rats received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of EtOH (0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 g/kg) immediately before a 15-min confinement to the white compartment. On the 2 intervening days the same rats received ip injections of saline before confinement to the opposite compartment. On day 5, a 15-min free-choice test was carried out with no injections. Rats classified as anxious showed a significant, though not dosedependent preference for all doses of ethanol compared to salinetreated animals. These data demonstrate that rats regarded as anxious are more sensitive to the reinforcing effects of EtOH than nonanxious and normal Wistar rats and emphasize the relevance of the basal levels of anxiety of rats when trying to detect the reinforcing effects of EtOH.

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Gamma-vinyl GABA inhibits methamphetamine, heroin, or ethanol-induced increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine

Gerasimov

Ashby

Gardner

et al. 1999

Synapse

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We examined the acute effect of the irreversible GABA-transaminase inhibitor, gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG, Sabril((R)), Vigabatrin((R))) on increases in nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine (DA) following acute administration of methamphetamine, heroin, or ethanol. Methamphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent increase (2, 700%) in NAc DA. GVG preadministration (300 or 600 mg/kg), however, inhibited this response by approximately 39 and 61%, respectively. The lower dose of methamphetamine (1.25 mg/kg), increased DA by 1, 700%. This response was inhibited to a similar extent (44%) regardless of the GVG dose preadministered (300 or 600 mg/kg). In addition, heroin-induced increases in NAc DA (0.5 mg/kg, 170%) were inhibited or completely abolished by GVG (150 or 300 mg/kg, 65 and 100%, respectively). Finally, at half the dose necessary for heroin, GVG (150 mg/kg) also completely abolished ethanol-induced increases in NAc DA following a 0.25 g/kg challenge dose (140%). Taken with our previous findings using nicotine or cocaine as the challenge drug, these results indicate that GVG attenuates increases in NAc DA by a mechanism common to many drugs of abuse. However, it appears unlikely that an acute dose of GVG can completely inhibit increases in NAc DA following challenges with a drug whose mechanism of action is mediated primarily through the DA reuptake site.

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Toward understanding ethanol's capacity to be reinforcing: A conditioned place preference following injections of ethanol

Cited by 143 publications

References 11 publications

Infant rats exhibit aversive learning mediated by ethanol's orosensory effects but are positively reinforced by ethanol's post-ingestive effects

Infant rats exhibit aversive learning mediated by ethanol's orosensory effects but are positively reinforced by ethanol's post-ingestive effects

Experimental anxiety and the reinforcing effects of ethanol in rats

Gamma-vinyl GABA inhibits methamphetamine, heroin, or ethanol-induced increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine

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