Toward Primary Prevention of Asthma. Reviewing the Evidence for Early-Life Respiratory Viral Infections as Modifiable Risk Factors to Prevent Childhood Asthma

Feldman, Amy S.; He, Yuan; Moore, Martin L.; Hershenson, Marc B.; Hartert, Tina V.

doi:10.1164/rccm.201405-0901pp

Cited by 171 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…Several mechanistic pathways have been hypothesised to describe the potential role of severe RSV-related respiratory illnesses in the pathogenesis of asthma and wheezing disorders later in life, including persistent activation of atypical immune responses and alterations to the structure and function of the developing airway [50,72,74]. Mouse models have also demonstrated the ability of RSV to induce and maintain prolonged inflammatory responses leading to significant damage to the airway epithelium, as well as chronic airway remodelling and persistent airway hyperresponsiveness following the initial infection [75–77].…”

Section: Viral Infection Requiring Readmission In Early Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of respiratory viruses on lung health after preterm birth

Townsi

Laing

Hall

et al. 2018

European Clinical Respiratory Journal

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Children born preterm, less than 37 weeks’ gestation, are at increased risk of viral respiratory infections and associated complications both during their initial birth hospitalisation and in their first years following discharge. This increased burden of viral respiratory infections is likely to have long term implications for lung health and function in individuals born preterm, particularly those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the association between early life viral respiratory infection and development of suboptimal lung health and function later in life following preterm birth. Although preterm infants with diminished lung function, particularly small airways, might be particularly susceptible to asthma and wheezing disorders following viral infection, there is evidence that respiratory viruses can activate number of inflammatory and airway re-modelling pathways. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the perinatal and early life risk factors that may contribute to increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infections among preterm infants during early life and to understand how respiratory viral infection may influence the development of abnormal lung health and function later in life.

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Section: Viral Infection Requiring Readmission In Early Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of respiratory viruses on lung health after preterm birth

Townsi

Laing

Hall

et al. 2018

European Clinical Respiratory Journal

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“…It is estimated that asthma causes over 300,000 deaths in the whole world every year [1][2][3]. Asthma is a chronic disease with complex pathology and characterized by serious airway inflammatory reactions, excessive phlegm and shortness of breath, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imperatorin inhibits allergic airway inflammatory reaction and mucin secretion in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic rats

Li¹,

Ding²,

Gao³

et al. 2016

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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Purpose: To study the therapeutic effects of imperatorin (IPT) on allergic asthma induced by ovalbumin in rats. Methods: Asthma was established in rats by injection of ovalbumin (OVA), and IPT (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) IPT (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) decreased inflammatory cells including eosinophils (p < 0.01), neutrophils (p < 0.05), lymphocytes (p < 0.01) and macrophages (p < 0.01). In addition, the four inflammatory cytokines {interleukin (IL) -4, IL-6, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α} were significantly decreased by treatment with IPT (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) dose-dependently (p < 0.01).Furthermore, MUC5AC in lung tissues was significantly down-regulated by treatment with IPT (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg, p < 0.01)

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“…There is emerging evidence that early-life exposure to microbes and environmental antigens has lifelong consequences that impact immune system development (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45). Early-life respiratory tract infections with viral agents, such as respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and influenza virus, increase the odds ratio for the development of inflammatory diseases like asthma later in childhood (46). In contrast, the long-term consequences of nasopharyngeal colonization with specific bacteria during the neonatal period have yet to be as well delineated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Life Intranasal Colonization with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Exacerbates Juvenile Airway Disease in Mice

et al. 2016

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Accumulating evidence suggests a connection between asthma development and colonization with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Specifically, nasopharyngeal colonization of human infants with NTHi within 4 weeks of birth is associated with an increased risk of asthma development later in childhood. Monocytes derived from these infants have aberrant inflammatory responses to common upper respiratory bacterial antigens compared to those of cells derived from infants who were not colonized and do not go on to develop asthma symptoms in childhood. In this study, we hypothesized that early-life colonization with NTHi promotes immune system reprogramming and the development of atypical inflammatory responses. To address this hypothesis in a highly controlled model, we tested whether colonization of mice with NTHi on day of life 3 induced or exacerbated juvenile airway disease using an ovalbumin (OVA) allergy model of asthma. We found that animals that were colonized on day of life 3 and subjected to induction of allergy had exacerbated airway disease as juveniles, in which exacerbated airway disease was defined as increased cellular infiltration into the lung, increased amounts of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 in lung lavage fluid, decreased regulatory T cell-associated FOXP3 gene expression, and increased mucus production. We also found that colonization with NTHi amplified airway resistance in response to increasing doses of a bronchoconstrictor following OVA immunization and challenge. Together, the murine model provides evidence for early-life immune programming that precedes the development of juvenile airway disease and corroborates observations that have been made in human children.A sthma has nearly doubled in incidence in developed nations since 1980 and now affects almost 10% of all children and adults in the United States (1). One reason for this increase in incidence may be that the biological response to early-life antigen exposure is altered by emerging factors in the environment associated with industrialized societies (2, 3).Asthma has traditionally been classified as a type 1 hypersensitivity disease that is characterized by a T H 2 response and the production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13. These cytokines play pivotal roles in mediating IgE production, mucus secretion, and airway hyperreactivity (AHR). Inflammation also promotes infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg), which act to dampen IL-5 and IL-13 secretion by CD4 ϩ CD25 Ϫ T H 2 cells in both human and mouse models of asthma (4, 5). Along with infiltration of eosinophils, these responses in the airways have been considered a defining feature of asthma. However, recent studies indicate that eosinophils are prominent in only 50% of asthmatic patients (2, 3, 6).A subtype of noneosinophilic asthma called neutrophilic asthma is now recognized to afflict a significant number of patients and is associated with severe and persistent symptoms that are refractory to treatment with corticosteroids, a mainstay o...

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Toward Primary Prevention of Asthma. Reviewing the Evidence for Early-Life Respiratory Viral Infections as Modifiable Risk Factors to Prevent Childhood Asthma

Cited by 171 publications

References 123 publications

The impact of respiratory viruses on lung health after preterm birth

The impact of respiratory viruses on lung health after preterm birth

Imperatorin inhibits allergic airway inflammatory reaction and mucin secretion in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic rats

Early-Life Intranasal Colonization with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Exacerbates Juvenile Airway Disease in Mice

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