Toward bioelectronic device based on bionanohybrid composed of nanomaterials and biomaterials: From nucleic acid and protein to living cell

Abstract

Bioelectronics is a convergence research field composed of biology and electronics for realizing the electronic functions of a biochip. However, the intrinsic properties of biomaterials impede the development of delicate bioelectronic devices due to low conductivity and durability. Nanomaterials can circumvent the limitations of biomaterials by virtue of their unique properties, including conductivity and biocompatibility. To this end, the development of bionanohybrids through the integration of nanomaterials with biomaterials is a common approach. In recent years, several new nanomaterials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and MXenes, have been developed. Accordingly, numerous studies have reported on novel bionanohybrid-based bioelectronics developed by introducing nanomaterials to bioelectronic devices for improved durability and electrical functions, such as conductivity and functional expansion. This review summarizes the recent studies on such delicate bioelectronic devices based on bionanohybrids and thereby helps the understanding of the development of bioelectronic devices by integrating biomaterials with nanomaterials.

Bioelectric Interface Technologies in Cells and Organoids

“…With the fast developments of micro/nanofabrication and processing technologies, 2D bioelectronics with a high-density integration have been devised to achieve a noninvasive, long-term, and multiplexed extracellular recording of cell electrophysiology. [127][128][129][130] The planar microelectrode array is a conventional tool for the electrophysiological investigation of cells, with the advantages of low-cost fabrication, minimal invasiveness to cells and high-throughput recordings. [131][132][133][134] However, due to the 2D geometry of the electrode, it is basically not capable of directly recording the intracellular action potential.…”