<p><em>For an individual to become a democratic citizen, s/he needs to be exposed to at least three interrelated elements, which include collective identity, the privileges of membership, and social rights and benefits. T</em><em>his study investigated how </em><em>South African universities prepare mathematics teachers for democratic citizenship. Data were generated from a total of six mathematics teacher educators and 75 second- to fourth-year student teachers majoring in mathematics education, who were undergoing teacher training at three different universities. The findings from the study revealed contradictions in respect of theory and practice within </em><em>the mathematics education programmes at South African universities. While the programmes contribute to the formation of an active citizenry through the development of democratic skills and values, as well as the incorporation of social justice issues in mathematics classrooms, it also inhibits and disempowers students, given that the offerings emphasise the importance of teaching and testing, as well as the acceptance and rejection of “right” answers. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that educators democratise mathematics education classrooms and adopt a humanising pedagogical approach based on care, trust and respect.</em></p>