Total electron content anomalies associated with earthquakes occurred during 1998–2019

Shah, Munawar; Ahmed, Arslan; Ehsan, Muhsan; Khan, Majid; Tariq, M. Arslan; Calabia, Andrés; Rahman, Zahid Ur

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.06.005

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The monitoring of solar activity and geomagnetic storms is very important in earthquake precursory study to distinguish the earthquake induced anomaly from geomagnetic storm. There are several reports about the association of TEC anomalies with geomagnetic storms (e.g., Shah et al, 2020a;Shah et al, 2020b;Shah et al, 2020c;Tariq et al, 2020). We observed ionospheric anomaly at Iqqe and Antc stations on December 21, 2016 (4 days before main shock) against Kp>3 geomagnetic storm and anomalous TEC value at Sant station occurred on December 18, 2016 (Figure 3c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Possible Seismo Ionospheric Anomalies before the 2016 Mw 7.6 Chile Earthquake from GPS TEC, GIM TEC and Swarm Satellites

Rahman¹

2020

Nat. App. Sci. Int. J.

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The recent advances in space based ionospheric measurements can help to investigate seismic precursors before earthquake with multi-parameter observations and more dedicated instrumentations. In this paper, seismo ionospheric anomalies before the December 25, 2016, Mw 7.6, Chile earthquake are investigated in Total Electron Content (TEC) and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM). The temporal TEC from GPS stations and GIM show enhancement during 5- 10 days (local daytime) before main shock. Similarly, spatial TEC confirms abnormal dense cloud at LT=12h-14h on December 21, 2016, that lingers over the epicenter of Chile earthquake. On the other hand, the geomagnetic indices show Dst < -50nT of low intensity variation. Similarly, Kp > 3 on December 21, 2016 within 5-10 days before the Mw 7.6. This study emphasizes that the ionosphere anomalies may not be the possible association of earthquakes induced variation but it is due to the active storm conditions (Kp>3).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Possible Seismo Ionospheric Anomalies before the 2016 Mw 7.6 Chile Earthquake from GPS TEC, GIM TEC and Swarm Satellites

Rahman¹

2020

Nat. App. Sci. Int. J.

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“…The range error in GPS signal is proportional to the integral of electron density (TEC) along the ray path. The TEC taken from the ground-based Sukkur station of GPS can be explained as TEC is measured in units' of 10 16 electrons meter per square area, where 1 TEC unit (TECU) = 10 16 el/m² (Shah et al, 2020a;Shah et al, 2020b;Shah et al, 2020c).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here f1 and f2 are carrier phase frequencies of GNSS, P and L are the pseudo-range and carrier phase observation of delay path of GNSS signal, λ is the wavelength of GNSS signal, N is the ambiguity of GNSS signal, b is the instrumental biases, d is the differential code bias, €is the random residual along the ray path. R is the Earth's radius, H is the height of the top layer of the ionosphere in atmospheric altitude, and Z is the satellite elevation angle for pierce point (Shah et al 2020a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of GPS TEC with IRI models of 2007, 2012, AND 1 2016 over Sukkur, Pakistan

Hussain¹,

Shah²

2020

Nat. App. Sci. Int. J.

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The international reference ionosphere (IRI) models have been widely used for correcting the ionospheric scintillations at different altitude levels. An evaluation on the performance of VTEC correction from IRI models (version 2007, 2012 and 2016) over Sukkur, Pakistan (27.71º N, 68.85º E) is presented in this work. Total Electron Content (TEC) from IRI models and GPS in 2019 over Sukkur region are compared. The main aim of this comparative analysis is to improve the VTEC in low latitude Sukkur, Pakistan. Moreover, this study will also help us to identify the credible IRI model for the correction of Global Positioning System (GPS) signal in low latitude region in future. The development of more accurate TEC finds useful applications in enhancing the extent to which ionospheric influences on radio signals are corrected. VTEC from GPS and IRI models are collected between May 1, 2019 and May 3, 2019. Additionally, Dst and Kp data are also compared in this work to estimate the geomagnetic storm variations. This study shows a good correlation of 0.83 between VTEC of GPS and IRI 2016. Furthermore, a correlation of 0.82 and 0.78 is also recorded for IRI 2012 and IRI 2007 respectively, with VTEC of GPS. The IRI TEC predictions and GPS-TEC measurements for the studied days reveal the potential of IRI model as a good candidate over Pakistan.

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“…There are several studies on ionospheric and atmospheric anomalies associated with different EQs by utilizing ground and satellite measurements (Afraimovich et al, 2010;Davidenko & Pulinets, 2019;Hayakawa & Molchanov, 2002;Kiyani et al, 2020;Ouzounov et al, 2007;Shah et al, 2019a, b). Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based EQ anomalies provide more information by analyzing different delays (e.g., ionosphere and troposphere) earlier to EQ and subsequently to the event within the preparation zone (Marchetti et al, 2020;Shah & Jin, 2015;Shah et al, 2020a;Tariq et al, 2019). Similarly, atmospheric anomalies are also reported in different studies above the epicenter and associated fault lineaments consequent to the emanation of huge energy during the EQ preparation period (Dey et al, 2004;Gorny et al, 2020;Jiao et al, 2018; Abstract Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)based Earthquake (EQ) anomalies in the ionosphere and troposphere provide explicit evidences to study the coupling between seismic events, atmosphere, and ionosphere in epicentral breeding regions consequent to the EQ day in the preparation period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithosphere atmosphere ionosphere coupling associated with the 2019 Mw 7.1 California earthquake using GNSS and multiple satellites

Mehdi

Shah

Naqvi

2021

Environ Monit Assess

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Total electron content anomalies associated with earthquakes occurred during 1998–2019

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Possible Seismo Ionospheric Anomalies before the 2016 Mw 7.6 Chile Earthquake from GPS TEC, GIM TEC and Swarm Satellites

Possible Seismo Ionospheric Anomalies before the 2016 Mw 7.6 Chile Earthquake from GPS TEC, GIM TEC and Swarm Satellites

Comparison of GPS TEC with IRI models of 2007, 2012, AND 1 2016 over Sukkur, Pakistan

Lithosphere atmosphere ionosphere coupling associated with the 2019 Mw 7.1 California earthquake using GNSS and multiple satellites

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