Topografia do cone medular da paca (Agouti paca, Linnaeus - 1766)

Scavone, Alessandra Regina Freixo; Guimarães, Gregório Corrêa; Rodrigues, Victor Hugo Vieira; Sasahara, Taís Harumi de Castro; Machado, Márcia Rita Fernandes

doi:10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2007.26590

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In addition, it enables an effective blocking of a given region in surgical procedures, and is crucial in clinical diagnosis (SCAVONE et al, 2007;IGLESIAS et al, 2012) The brachial plexus is formed by a set of nerves with origin in the cervical and thoracic segments of the spinal cord and is distributed in the forelimb structures, scapular girdle, thorax and abdomen. In pigs, the brachial plexus is composed of the ventral branches of the fifth (C5), sixth (C6), seventh (C7) and eighth (C8) cervical spinal nerves and the first thoracic (T1) spinal nerve (GOSHAL, 1986c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758)

Santos¹,

Silva²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2015

Biosci. J.

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ABSTRACT:The origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in wild boar (Sus scrofa), a mammal belonging to the Suidae family were studied. Twelve specimens of wild boar, which were fixed in 10% formalin solution through different points of subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, and intracavitary injections, following by immersing the specimens in the same solution were used. In present study, the brachial plexus of wild boar was a set of nerve fibers formed by the ventral branches from the fifth (C5) to eighth (C8) cervical and the first (T1) thoracic spinal nerves. The subclavian nerve was originated from C5, while the suprascapular nerve had its origin from C5 to C7. The cranial and caudal subscapular nerves were predominantly originated from C6 and C7, as well was the axillary nerve. The origin of the cranial and caudal pectoral nerves was from C7-C8 and C8-T1, respectively. The musculocutaneous nerve was mostly originated from C6 and C7, while the median and radial nerves had origin from C7 to T1. The origin of the ulnar, thoracodorsal, and lateral thoracic nerves was mostly from C8 and T1, while the long thoracic nerve was predominantly originated from C7 and C8. All nerves were responsible for the innervation of scapular girdle structures, arm, forearm, thorax and abdomen. In conclusion, the origin and distribution of the brachial plexus nerves in wild boar (Sus scrofa) are similar to domestic swine rather than to other wild species described in the literature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758)

Santos¹,

Silva²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2015

Biosci. J.

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“…Although data about conus medullaris in primates are scarce we could compare our results to the descriptions of Machado et al who described the conus medullaris base of sagui (Calitrix jacus jacus) between vertebrae L2 and L4 (Machado et al 1992) of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) between vertebrae L3 and L6 (Machado et al 2002), in marine wolf (Arctocephalus australis) between vertebrae T5 and T7 (Machado et al 2003), of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) between vertebrae L6 and L7 (Santos et al 1999), of paca (Agouti paca) between vertebrae L5 and L7 (Scavone et al 2007), the horse between vertebrae L5 and L6 (Santos 1996), and in domestic cats (Felis catus) at level of L6 (Câmara-Filho et al 1998). Concerning the apex, in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) it is located at S3 (Rao 1976); in sheep (Ovis aries), at the S2 (Rao 1990), in domestic cats (Felis catus) at S1 (Câmara-Filho et al 1998), in impala (Lama glama) in rabbit (Santos et al 1999), in paca (Agouti paca) (Scavone et al 2007), in marine wolf (Machado et al 2003), and in man at the level of L1-L2 (Willians et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the apex, in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) it is located at S3 (Rao 1976); in sheep (Ovis aries), at the S2 (Rao 1990), in domestic cats (Felis catus) at S1 (Câmara-Filho et al 1998), in impala (Lama glama) in rabbit (Santos et al 1999), in paca (Agouti paca) (Scavone et al 2007), in marine wolf (Machado et al 2003), and in man at the level of L1-L2 (Willians et al 1995). We can conclude that the conus medullaris in Saimiri sciureus is situated more caudally in comparison to other species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caring about medullary anesthesia in Saimiri sciureus: the conus medullaris topography

Lima

Fioretto

Fontes

et al. 2011

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Saimiri sciureus is a New World non-human primate (NHP) that inhabits Brazilian rain forests. Surgical interventions in wild NHPs can be considered common both for experimental studies procedures and corrective procedures for endangered species. Among various anesthetic procedures, the epidural anesthesia or blockades, depending on the surgical procedure, might be considered elective for wild monkeys, mostly based on its safeness, efficiency and nontime consuming characteristics. However its safeness would be limiting because of the spinal cord arrangement. Notwithstanding the available former studies on New World NHP anatomy, the description of the medullar cone of Saimiri sciureus is still scarce. Therefore, we believe that the better understanding the medullar cone of Saimiri sciureus would contribute to improve the applicability of epidural procedures in the species. Vertebrae architecture of Saimiri sciureus was composed by 9 lumbar, 3 sacral and 18 coccygeal vertebrae, and the medullar cone measured about 3.3 cm. We can conclude that the conus medullaris in Saimiri sciureus is situated more caudally in comparison to other species.

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“…Tais como no gato-mourisco (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), em que o cone medular teve início em L6 e término em S2 [3], no gato sem raça definida, em que o cone medular iniciou em L7 e terminou em Cc2, com grande variação entre os animais estudados [20], no cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous), em que a base do cone está em L6 e ápice em S3 [14], no cachorro-do-mato-de-orelhas--pequenas (Atelocynus microtis), com base em L7 e ápice em S3 [15], no quati (Nasua nasua), em que a base do cone foi registrada em L5-L6 e ápice em S3 [5], no javali, em que o cone medular possui base em L4 e ápice em S3 [17], na preguiça (Bradypus variegatus) em que a base se encontra em L3 e o ápice em S1 [7], na jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis), felino que apresenta base do cone medular em L4 e ápice em S3 [2], no lobo-marinho (Arctocephalus australis), em que o cone medular estende-se de T5 até T7 [9], em ovinos sem raça definida, com base em torno de L5-L6 e ápice em S2 [16], e na paca (Agouti paca), uma espécie de roedor, que apresentou base em L5 e ápice em S1 [18].…”

Section: Animalunclassified

“…O valor médio do comprimento do cone medular da espécie Callithrix jacchus (1,4 cm) se apresentou mais próximo ao obtido para o ratão-do-banhado, o qual apresentou um valor médio de 2,0 cm [10], o macaco-prego, no qual foi encontrado valor médio de 2,47 [4], e a preguiça, que apresentou 2,7 cm [7], e significativamente menor do que as médias obtidas para o cachorro-do-mato (10,13 cm) [14], para o cachorro--do-mato-de-orelhas-pequenas (3,9 cm) [15], para o sauim (5,38 cm) [13], para o quati, que apresentou valor de 5,2 a 5,8 cm [5], para o macaco-de-cheiro (3,3 cm) [6], para a paca (3,39 cm) [18], para o javali (Sus serofa serofa), com valor de 3,4 cm [17], para o lobo-marinho (4,4 cm) [9], para o gato mourisco (5 cm) [3], para a ariranha (5,5 cm) [11], para a irara (4,31 cm) [1], para a jaguatirica (8,5 cm) [2], para o guaxinim (5,1 -5,6 cm) [21] e para o lobo-guará (6,5 cm) [8].…”

Section: Animalunclassified

Medullary Conus Topography in White-Tufted-Ear-Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Salles

Martins

Falcão

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) belongs to the family Cebidae and Subfamily Callitrichinae, a group formed by the smallest anthropoid primates. It is a very common species and adapts easily to captivity, an aspect that encourages the clandestine capture of these animals and makes them susceptible to wounds resulting from clandestine rearing and inadequate management, so that studies to understand the species are extremely important. With the objective of supplying anatomic bases for the practice of epidural anesthetic, data were studied regarding the topography of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Materials, Methods & Results:The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), PA, Brazil. Ten adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were used, 5 males and 5 females, with different causes of death. A round workbench magnifying lamp was used to better visualize the dissecation field. Number 15 scalpel blades, surgical pincers and scissors were used to dissect. After fixing in 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution, dissecation was made along the mid dorsal line, from the cranial thoracic region to the tail base to expose the vertebral arches and measure the intervertebral spaces. The vertebral arches were removed, and consequently the spinal dura mater was exposed, that was sectioned longitudinally to expose the spinal chord and identify the lumbar intumescence, the conus medullaris and the cauda equina. The length of the conus medullaris was measured and its skeletopy was established. The body and tail length data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The mean value of the conus medullaris length was 1.4 cm, while the anatomic location of the conus medullaris varied slightly among the animals, but did not pass the limit between L3 for the base and L6 for the apex. On average, the lumbosacral space measured 3.03 mm, that is sufficient to introduce a needle similar to that used in syringes for insulin injection. The results of this study suggest the lumbarsacral space as location for epidural anesthetic application in Callithrix jacchus, at a safe point situated in the center of an isosceles triangle, the base of which is found when a line is drawn from one side of the pelvis to the other, and the apex corresponds the spinal process of the first sacral vertebra. Discussion: The anatomic location of the conus medullaris is different compared to two other primate species, the red handed tamarin (Saguinus midas), in which the cone base was registered at L4 and the apex at S2, and the common squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) where the conus medullaris base occurs at L7-8 and the apex at S3 or Cc1. However, some similarities with other mammal groups were observed in the conus medullaris topography, such as the black-striped capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus). The mean conus medullaris length of the species Callithrix jacchus of 1.4 cm was close to that observ...

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Topografia do cone medular da paca (Agouti paca, Linnaeus - 1766)

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758)

Origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758)

Caring about medullary anesthesia in Saimiri sciureus: the conus medullaris topography

Medullary Conus Topography in White-Tufted-Ear-Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

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