Toluene induces changes in the morphology of astroglia and neurons in striatal primary cell cultures

Developmental Neurotoxicity of Toluene: in vivo and in vitro Effects on Astroglial Cells

“…Previous in vivo and in vitro studies had suggested that toluene may have direct toxic effects on glia [Hansson et al, 1988;Naskali et al, 1994;Gospe and Zhou, 2000]. We found that toluene could inhibit DNA synthesis of rat cortical astrocytes induced by serum or IGF-I, with a significant effect observed at 1,000 ÌM.…”

Developmental Neurotoxicity of Toluene: in vivo and in vitro Effects on Astroglial Cells

“…Previous in vivo and in vitro studies had suggested that toluene may have direct toxic effects on glia [Hansson et al, 1988;Naskali et al, 1994;Gospe and Zhou, 2000]. We found that toluene could inhibit DNA synthesis of rat cortical astrocytes induced by serum or IGF-I, with a significant effect observed at 1,000 ÌM.…”

Subacute exposure to low concentrations of toluene affects dopamine-mediated locomotor activity in the rat

“…A similar paradoxical alteration in dopamine transmission is also observed after adrenalectomy associated with increases in dopamine-dependent behaviours [40] and increases in the K 0 value of the D-2 agonist binding sites [41). Furthermore, it should also be considered that the enhancement of dopamine-elicited behavioural responses at the behavioural level may reflect the ability of toluene to affect neuron systems, and perhaps also glia [42][43][44][45], beyond the D-2 receptor. This enhanced postsynaptic response may partly underly the toluene-induced arousal and euphoric sensation contributing to its abuse.…”

Metabolite Alterations in Basal Ganglia Associated with Psychiatric Symptoms of Abstinent Toluene Users: A Proton MRS Study

“…In post-mortem case reports about two toluene users who abused toluene for 12 and 20 years, respectively, one patient was reported to have neuronal loss in the cerebrum, basal ganglia, and cerebellum (Escobar and Aruffo, 1980), while in the other case, no neuronal loss was detected in the cerebrum or cerebellum (Rosenberg et al, 1988). Generally, neural cells appear less likely to be compromised by exposure to toluene, although very high doses of toluene can damage neural cells (Hansson et al, 1988). However, vulnerability to toluene exposure may vary in different regions of the brain.…”

Developmental Neurotoxicity of Toluene: in vivo and in vitro Effects on Astroglial Cells

“…Previous in vivo and in vitro studies had suggested that toluene may have direct toxic effects on glia [Hansson et al, 1988;Naskali et al, 1994;Gospe and Zhou, 2000]. We found that toluene could inhibit DNA synthesis of rat cortical astrocytes induced by serum or IGF-I, with a significant effect observed at 1,000 ÌM.…”

Subacute exposure to low concentrations of toluene affects dopamine-mediated locomotor activity in the rat

“…A similar paradoxical alteration in dopamine transmission is also observed after adrenalectomy associated with increases in dopamine-dependent behaviours [40] and increases in the K 0 value of the D-2 agonist binding sites [41). Furthermore, it should also be considered that the enhancement of dopamine-elicited behavioural responses at the behavioural level may reflect the ability of toluene to affect neuron systems, and perhaps also glia [42][43][44][45], beyond the D-2 receptor. This enhanced postsynaptic response may partly underly the toluene-induced arousal and euphoric sensation contributing to its abuse.…”

Metabolite Alterations in Basal Ganglia Associated with Psychiatric Symptoms of Abstinent Toluene Users: A Proton MRS Study

“…In post-mortem case reports about two toluene users who abused toluene for 12 and 20 years, respectively, one patient was reported to have neuronal loss in the cerebrum, basal ganglia, and cerebellum (Escobar and Aruffo, 1980), while in the other case, no neuronal loss was detected in the cerebrum or cerebellum (Rosenberg et al, 1988). Generally, neural cells appear less likely to be compromised by exposure to toluene, although very high doses of toluene can damage neural cells (Hansson et al, 1988). However, vulnerability to toluene exposure may vary in different regions of the brain.…”

Developmental Neurotoxicity of Toluene: in vivo and in vitro Effects on Astroglial Cells

“…Previous in vivo and in vitro studies had suggested that toluene may have direct toxic effects on glia [Hansson et al, 1988;Naskali et al, 1994;Gospe and Zhou, 2000]. We found that toluene could inhibit DNA synthesis of rat cortical astrocytes induced by serum or IGF-I, with a significant effect observed at 1,000 ÌM.…”

Subacute exposure to low concentrations of toluene affects dopamine-mediated locomotor activity in the rat

“…A similar paradoxical alteration in dopamine transmission is also observed after adrenalectomy associated with increases in dopamine-dependent behaviours [40] and increases in the K 0 value of the D-2 agonist binding sites [41). Furthermore, it should also be considered that the enhancement of dopamine-elicited behavioural responses at the behavioural level may reflect the ability of toluene to affect neuron systems, and perhaps also glia [42][43][44][45], beyond the D-2 receptor. This enhanced postsynaptic response may partly underly the toluene-induced arousal and euphoric sensation contributing to its abuse.…”

Metabolite Alterations in Basal Ganglia Associated with Psychiatric Symptoms of Abstinent Toluene Users: A Proton MRS Study

“…In post-mortem case reports about two toluene users who abused toluene for 12 and 20 years, respectively, one patient was reported to have neuronal loss in the cerebrum, basal ganglia, and cerebellum (Escobar and Aruffo, 1980), while in the other case, no neuronal loss was detected in the cerebrum or cerebellum (Rosenberg et al, 1988). Generally, neural cells appear less likely to be compromised by exposure to toluene, although very high doses of toluene can damage neural cells (Hansson et al, 1988). However, vulnerability to toluene exposure may vary in different regions of the brain.…”