Token entrepreneurs: a review of gender, capital, and context in technology entrepreneurship

Wheadon, Mandy; Duval‐Couetil, Nathalie

doi:10.4324/9781003139454-10

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Many authors conclude that women will lead firms that exhibit less growth than those led by their male counterparts. Indeed, women leaders face obstacles related not only to education, work environment, family pressures (Kalleberg and Leicht, 1991) and human and social capital but also to cognitive resources (Wheadon and Duval-Couetil, 2019), which could limit the growth of their firm. Moreover, according to Cliff (1998), women leaders are more inclined to set a threshold beyond which they do not wish to grow, and this threshold will generally be lower than the threshold of their male counterparts.…”

Section: Impact Of Entrepreneur Profile On Ntbf Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The centrality of organisational factors in the growth of new technology-based firms

Tarillon

2022

JSBED

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PurposeNew technology-based firms (NTBFs) are a great potential source of job creation and economic growth. In France, strong heterogeneity of their growth trajectories is observed yet many of them remain small. A better understanding of these trajectories is thus necessary. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of individual and organisational factors on 253 growth trajectories of NTBFs.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a Heckman ordered probit model to study explanatory factors of growth trajectories in NTBFs created between 1999 and 2012. This method allows them to study the determinants of the presence of a growth dynamics at the same time as the determinants of growth intensity.FindingsThe model shows that entrepreneurs play a weak role in understanding the growth trajectories of their company. Rather, it is organisational factors – such as the level of innovation and the governance structure – that explain initiation of a growth trajectory and the intensity of the growth.Originality/valueBy using an original methodology, the authors highlight the importance of organisational factors and encourage entrepreneurs to develop a governance structure focused on internal stakeholders to support growth.

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Section: Impact Of Entrepreneur Profile On Ntbf Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The centrality of organisational factors in the growth of new technology-based firms

Tarillon

2022

JSBED

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“…Such challenges to female entrepreneurial careers, as observed by Garc ıa and Welter (2013), get exacerbated in context characterized by relatively weak institutions and underdeveloped markets, resulting in many women struggling to pursue meaningful entrepreneurial careers (Dy and Marlow, 2017;Brixiov a and Kangoye, 2016). The upshot is the low new venture creation reported in these regions (Anderson and Ronteau, 2017) and the making of many "token" or barefoot female entrepreneurs (Imas and Wilson, 2012), who generally struggle to create and capture what could be described as sustained and meaningful value from their entrepreneurial activities (Wheadon and Duval-Couetil, 2019).…”

Section: Female Entrepreneurial Careersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Careers of commercially successful female entrepreneurs in context of underdeveloped markets and weak institutions

Sarpong

Nyuur

Torbor

2021

IJEBR

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PurposeCareers have come to dominate contemporary discourse on gendered entrepreneurship. This paper aims to explore entrepreneurial careers as recounted by commercially successful female entrepreneurs to examine how they strategize to construct desirable careers in contexts characterized by underdeveloped markets and weak institutions.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative research design, data for our inquiry come from publicly available life history accounts of 20 female entrepreneurs appearing on an enterprise focus television show in Nigeria. The authors supplemented the television interview data with archival data in the form of publicly available digital footprints of the entrepreneurs collected from their company websites, magazines, online newspapers featuring these entrepreneurs and their social media pages such as LinkedIn, Wikipedia, Facebook and Instagram.FindingsThe careers of female entrepreneurs operating in context of underdeveloped institution and markets, the authors found, are characterized by four heterogeneous ingrained dispositions and actions reflecting how they got in and got on with their entrepreneurial careers: (1) “Observing and playing business,” (2) traipsing the “path less traveled,” (3) a hook to the “Pierian spring” of entrepreneurship and (4) “Grace under pressure” in decision-making.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the entrepreneurship literature by providing insight into the lived experiences, agency and careers of commercially successful female entrepreneurs as played out in the form of a contextual practice of “wayfinding” to starting up and managing their own business ventures.

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“…Accordingly, some scholars have argued for feminine rhetoric while calling for an urgent change in epistemological position in entrepreneurship research (Ahl and Marlow, 2012). Studies that employ the normative position of positivist epistemologies, without focussing on context and within-group differences, may find problematic assumptions regarding their findings (Wheadon and Duval-Couetil, 2019). The first is the problematic assumption of innate sex differences that eventually ameliorate the “othering” of females as minorities in entrepreneurship and the conception of males as the accepted ones for entrepreneurship (Henry et al , 2016; Wheadon and Duval-Couetil, 2019).…”

Section: Gender Conceptualisations In Entrepreneurship Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following keywords were used, based on those employed in prior general literature reviews in crowdfunding and female entrepreneurship (e.g. Brush, 1992; Shneor and Vik, 2020; Wheadon and Duval-Couetil, 2019): “crowdfunding” “crowdinvesting”, “P2P lending”, “peer-to-peer lending” together with “women”, “female”, “gender” and “sex”. We conducted the SLR on articles from 2011 to April 2021 and the results of this search formed the basis for this article.…”

Section: Literature Collection and Analysis Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such explorations are triggered by curious facts, such as those presented in Brush et al (2018), showing that, of the 6,793 companies that received venture capital investments between 2011 and 2013, only 2.7% (183) were female-led business. Research has shown that female businesses are not under-represented amongst funded business because they lack adequate skills or experience (Brush et al , 2018), but rather because they lack the necessary contacts to break through societal chains of widespread bias against females (Eddleston et al , 2016; Wheadon and Duval-Couetil, 2019). Placed in a wider context of gender inequality, the World Bank (2020) estimated that the economic cost of gender inequality globally amounts to USD 160.2 trillion and that closing this gap could yield an economic dividend of $172 trillion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crowdfunding, gender and the promise of financial democracy: a systematic review

Serwaah

2021

IJGE

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to review the literature at the intersection of crowdfunding and gender, while examining the extent to which crowdfunding has enhanced female financial inclusion and participation.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review was conducted across 47 studies from 2011 to April 2021.FindingsMost studies suggest that the likelihood of success or failure of female-led campaigns depends on external factors associated with opportunities. The study points to a general trend where although female participation has not achieved its full potential, it is greater than in other channels, while enjoying higher chances of success for female fundraisers. The study highlights gaps in the literature and the associated opportunities for future research emerging from them.Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to summarise and sensitise the literature on crowdfunding and gender. The study highlights the importance of analysing the impact of context on the conceptualisation of gender in alternative finance.

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Token entrepreneurs: a review of gender, capital, and context in technology entrepreneurship

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

The centrality of organisational factors in the growth of new technology-based firms

The centrality of organisational factors in the growth of new technology-based firms

Careers of commercially successful female entrepreneurs in context of underdeveloped markets and weak institutions

Crowdfunding, gender and the promise of financial democracy: a systematic review

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